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The Impact of the Bullwhip Effect on Sales and Earnings Prediction Using Order Backlog

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  • Hsihui Chang
  • Jengfang Chen
  • Shu‐Wei Hsu
  • Raj Mashruwala

Abstract

Recent work in the supply chain literature suggests that the variance in orders placed with suppliers will be larger than that of sales to buyers. This distortion in demand information increases as it is passed along the supply chain from customers to upstream suppliers and has been referred to as “the bullwhip effect.” In this paper, we argue that the bullwhip effect reduces the ability of order backlog to predict future sales and earnings for upstream suppliers. Results obtained from our empirical analysis support this proposition. We find that the impact of bullwhip on the predictive ability of order backlog is further accentuated in firms with longer operating cycles. Market intermediaries such as financial analysts, on average, are unable to fully account for differences in the predictive ability of order backlog. However, analysts belonging to employers that follow all firms in a vertical supply chain do a better job of understanding the impact of bullwhip on the predictive ability of order backlog. In additional tests, we find that the bullwhip effect also impedes the ability of inventory components to predict future sales and earnings. Les travaux de recherche récents sur la chaîne d'approvisionnement semblent indiquer que la fluctuation des commandes passées auprès des fournisseurs est plus importante que celle des ventes réalisées auprès des acheteurs. Cette distorsion dans l'information relative à la demande, que l'on appelle « effet coup de fouet », augmente à mesure qu'elle remonte la chaîne d'approvisionnement, des clients jusqu'aux fournisseurs en amont. Selon les auteurs, l'effet coup de fouet réduit la mesure dans laquelle le carnet de commandes permet de prédire les ventes et les bénéfices futurs pour les fournisseurs en amont, une proposition que viennent appuyer les résultats tirés de leur analyse empirique. Les auteurs constatent que l'incidence de l'effet coup de fouet sur les propriétés prédictives du carnet de commandes est plus marqué dans les sociétés dont les cycles d'exploitation sont plus longs. En moyenne, les intermédiaires du marché comme les analystes financiers sont incapables de tenir parfaitement compte des variations dans les propriétés prédictives du carnet de commandes. Toutefois, les analystes travaillant pour des employeurs qui suivent toutes les sociétés d'une chaîne d'approvisionnement verticale comprennent mieux l'incidence du coup de fouet sur les propriétés prédictives du carnet de commandes. En procédant à des tests supplémentaires, les auteurs constatent que l'effet coup de fouet affecte également les propriétés prédictives des articles de stock en ce qui a trait aux ventes et aux bénéfices futurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Hsihui Chang & Jengfang Chen & Shu‐Wei Hsu & Raj Mashruwala, 2018. "The Impact of the Bullwhip Effect on Sales and Earnings Prediction Using Order Backlog," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(2), pages 1140-1165, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:1140-1165
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12401
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    Cited by:

    1. Baron, Opher & Callen, Jeffrey L. & Segal, Dan, 2023. "Does the bullwhip matter economically? A cross-sectional firm-level analysis," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    2. Zheng, Min & Huang, Rong & Wang, Xintong & Li, Xiaorong, 2023. "Do firms adopting cloud computing technology exhibit higher future performance? A textual analysis approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    3. Hsihui Chang & Sheng Liu & Raj Mashruwala, 2022. "Customer Bargaining Power, Strategic Fit, and Supplier Performance," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(4), pages 1492-1509, April.
    4. Hu, Nan & Liang, Peng & Liu, Ling & Zhu, Lu, 2022. "The bullwhip effect and credit default swap market: A study based on firm-specific bullwhip effect measure," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    5. Rajiv Banker & Russell Barber & Dana Hollie & Han-Up Park, 2024. "Order backlog and its association with fundamental analysis metrics and future earnings," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 1733-1753, May.
    6. Bai, Xuelian & Fang, Ruirui & Henry, Elaine & Hu, Nan, 2020. "Supply chain hierarchical position and firms’ information quality," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    7. Peng Liang & Hasan Cavusoglu & Nan Hu, 2023. "Customers’ managerial expectations and suppliers’ asymmetric cost management," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 32(6), pages 1975-1993, June.

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