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Financial Statement Quality and Debt Contracting: Evidence from a Survey of Commercial Lenders

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  • Dain C. Donelson
  • Ross Jennings
  • John Mcinnis

Abstract

We survey commercial bank lenders to better understand how they evaluate and react to variation in financial statement quality and how they view recent changes in accounting standards. A unique aspect of this study is that our respondents focus on medium†size loans to private companies. In fact, more than 90 percent of the survey respondents primarily make credit decisions on loans between $250 thousand and $50 million. This is in contrast to prior archival research, which focuses primarily on very large loans to public firms or very small loans to private firms. We find that lenders in our sample distinguish among financial statements in terms of quality, including conservatism, primarily on the basis of accrual patterns and restatements. While this general result holds throughout our sample, financial statement quality is substantially more important for lenders making larger loans (over $10 million) as compared to very small loans (under $1 million). In addition, bank lenders are much more likely to respond to low†quality reporting with collateral and guarantee requirements than with an increase in the interest rate charged. This finding is consistent for lenders making both larger and smaller loans. Finally, despite concerns in the academic literature, bank lenders in our sample actually hold a neutral†to†positive view of recent changes in accounting standards. In addition, most do not support current efforts to exempt private companies from some accounting standards.Les auteurs effectuent un sondage auprès des banques commerciales qui octroient du financement afin de mieux comprendre comment ces dernières évaluent la qualité des états financiers et réagissent aux variations de cette qualité et comment elles envisagent les récentes modifications apportées aux normes comptables. Leur étude a ceci de particulier que les répondants s'intéressent principalement aux prêts de moyenne importance consentis à des sociétés à capital fermé. En fait, les décisions de plus de 90 % des répondants au sondage en matière d'octroi de crédit portent essentiellement sur des prêts de 250 000 $ à 50 000 0000 $. Cette observation contraste avec les résultats des recherches d'archives précédentes majoritairement axées sur les prêts de très grande importance consentis aux sociétés à capital ouvert ou les prêts très modestes accordés aux sociétés à capital fermé. Les auteurs constatent que les prêteurs de leur échantillon établissent une distinction entre les états financiers en fonction de leur qualité, dont la prudence, principalement au regard des profils de régularisations et des retraitements. Bien que ce résultat global se vérifie pour l'ensemble de l’échantillon, la qualité des états financiers est sensiblement plus importante pour les prêteurs qui octroient des prêts importants (de plus de 10 000 000 $) que pour ceux qui octroient de très modestes prêts (de moins de 1 000 000 $). De plus, les prêteurs bancaires sont beaucoup plus susceptibles de réagir à la piètre qualité de l'information fournie en réclamant des couvertures et des garanties qu'en augmentant les taux d'intérêt exigés. Cette observation vaut tant pour les bailleurs de fonds qui octroient des prêts importants que pour ceux dont les prêts sont plus modestes. Enfin, malgré les préoccupations évoquées dans les recherches universitaires, les prêteurs bancaires de l’échantillon envisagent les récentes modifications apportées aux normes comptables dans une perspective allant de la neutralité à la positivité. En outre, la plupart d'entre eux n'appuient pas les efforts actuellement déployés pour soustraire les sociétés à capital fermé à l'application de certaines normes comptables.

Suggested Citation

  • Dain C. Donelson & Ross Jennings & John Mcinnis, 2017. "Financial Statement Quality and Debt Contracting: Evidence from a Survey of Commercial Lenders," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(4), pages 2051-2093, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:4:p:2051-2093
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12345
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    Cited by:

    1. Takuma Kochiyama & Ryosuke Nakamura & Akinobu Shuto, 2021. "How do bank lenders use borrowers’ financial statements? Evidence from a survey of Japanese banks," CARF F-Series CARF-F-522, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    2. Cyrus Aghamolla & Nan Li, 2018. "Debt Contract Enforcement and Conservatism: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(5), pages 1383-1416, December.
    3. Kasper Regenburg & Morten Nicklas Bigler Seitz, 2021. "Criminals, bankruptcy, and cost of debt," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 1004-1045, September.
    4. Mi, Biao & Zhang, Luqiao & Han, Liang & Shen, Yun, 2024. "Bank market power and financial reporting quality," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    5. Ann Jorissen & Ronita Ram & Pedro Moraya Barros, 2022. "Are IFRS Standards a ‘trusted’ language for private firm credit decisions? An analysis of country differences in users’ perspective," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(2), pages 3021-3065, June.
    6. Zhang, Shafu & Magnan, Michel & Qiu, Yetaotao & Zeng, Cheng Colin, 2022. "Do banks price production process failures? Evidence from product recalls," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    7. Ashfaque Banbhan & Xinsheng Cheng & Nizam Ud Din, 2018. "Financially Qualified Members in an Upper Echelon and Their Relationship with Corporate Sustainability: Evidence from an Emerging Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, December.
    8. Liu, Chunbo & Xu, Liang & Yang, Haoyi & Zhang, Wenqiao, 2023. "Prosocial CEOs and the cost of debt: Evidence from syndicated loan contracts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    9. John Gallemore & Martin Jacob, 2020. "Corporate Tax Enforcement Externalities and the Banking Sector," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(5), pages 1117-1159, December.
    10. Laux, Christian & Laux, Volker, 2024. "Accounting conservatism and managerial information acquisition," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2).

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