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Are Related Party Transactions Red Flags?

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  • Mark Kohlbeck
  • Brian W. Mayhew

Abstract

This study investigates whether or not related party transactions serve as “red flags†that warn of potential financial misstatement. We hand†collect related party transactions for S&P 1500 firms in 2001, 2004, and 2007 and find a positive correlation between these transactions and future restatements, suggesting restatements are more likely when a firm engages in related party transactions. The association is concentrated among transactions that appear to reflect “tone at the top†rather than arguably more necessary business transactions. We also find RPT firms pay lower audit fees. However, “tone RPT†firms that subsequently restate pay higher audit fees, providing evidence that auditors recognize the individual restatement risks of these firms. Our results suggest that tone†based RPTs serve as signals of higher risk of material misstatement.Les auteurs se demandent si les opérations entre apparentés servent ou non de « signaux d'alarme » annonçant des anomalies financières potentielles. Ils relèvent manuellement les opérations entre apparentés des sociétés composant l'indice S&P 1500 en 2001, 2004 et 2007 et observent une corrélation positive entre ces opérations et les retraitements ultérieurs, ce qui semble indiquer que les retraitements sont plus probables lorsque les sociétés concluent des opérations entre apparentés. Le lien se manifeste davantage parmi les opérations qui semblent refléter le « ton donné par la direction » plutôt que parmi les opérations commerciales pouvant être qualifiées de plus nécessaires. Les auteurs constatent également que les sociétés qui concluent des opérations entre apparentés paient moins d'honoraires d'audit. Toutefois, les sociétés dont la direction donne le ton aux opérations entre apparentés et qui procèdent subséquemment à un retraitement paient des honoraires d'audit plus élevés, ce qui permet de conclure que les auditeurs reconnaissent les risques de retraitement que présentent individuellement ces sociétés. Les résultats de l'étude semblent indiquer que les opérations entre apparentés reflétant le ton donné par la direction signalent un risque plus élevé d'anomalies significatives.

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  • Mark Kohlbeck & Brian W. Mayhew, 2017. "Are Related Party Transactions Red Flags?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(2), pages 900-928, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:2:p:900-928
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12296
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    Cited by:

    1. Jorgensen, Bjorn N. & Morley, Julia, 2017. "Discussion of “are related party transactions red flags?”," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 80801, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Chen, Ching-Lung & Chen, Chung-Yu & Weng, Pei-Yu, 2020. "Do related party transactions always deteriorate earnings informativeness?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    3. Ole-Kristian Hope & Haihao Lu & Sasan Saiy, 2019. "Director compensation and related party transactions," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1392-1426, December.
    4. Ole‐Kristian Hope & Pingui Rao & Yanping Xu & Heng Yue, 2023. "Information sharing between mutual funds and auditors," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(1-2), pages 152-197, January.
    5. Bansal, Shashank & Singh, Harminder, 2023. "Does market competition foster related party transactions? Evidence from emerging market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    6. Eun Jung Cho & Ju Ryum Chung & Ho-Young Lee, 2019. "The Role of Labor Unions in Corporate Transparency: Focusing on the Role of Governance in Auditor Change Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-21, May.
    7. Bhandari, Avishek & Kohlbeck, Mark & Mayhew, Brian, 2022. "Association of related party transactions with sensitivity of investments and external financing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    8. Abdullah Almutairi & Baban Eulaiwi & Robert Evans & Grantley Taylor, 2023. "Tax Haven Use and Related‐Party Transactions: Evidence from Australia," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 33(4), pages 352-374, December.
    9. Agnihotri, Arpita & Bhattacharya, Saurabh, 2019. "Internationalization, related party transactions, and firm ownership structure: Empirical evidence from an emerging market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 340-352.
    10. El-Helaly, Moataz & Al-Dah, Bilal, 2022. "Related party transactions and dividend payouts," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    11. Xia Chen & Mei Feng & Chan Li, 2020. "Family entrenchment and internal control: evidence from S&P 1500 firms," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 246-278, March.
    12. Dou, Huan & Liu, Yuanyuan & Shi, Yaru & Xu, Hanwen, 2022. "Are related-party transactions beneficial or detrimental in emerging markets? New evidence of financial services agreements from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    13. Mark Kohlbeck & Hye Seung (Grace) Lee & Brian Mayhew & Jesus M. Salas, 2023. "Do related party transactions affect family firm valuations?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(9-10), pages 1984-2020, October.
    14. Lioara-Veronica Pasc & Camelia-Daniela Hategan, 2023. "Disclosure of Key Audit Matters: European Listed Companies’ Evidence on Related Parties Transactions," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-12, June.
    15. Guang-Zheng Chen, 2020. "Related Party Transactions and Opinion Shopping," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9.
    16. El-Helaly, Moataz & Georgiou, Ifigenia & Lowe, Alan D., 2018. "The interplay between related party transactions and earnings management: The role of audit quality," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 47-60.
    17. Fan, Joseph P.H. & Yu, Xin, 2022. "Do founding families downgrade corporate governance? The roles of intra-family enforcement," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    18. Ma, Yan & Mao, Qian & Hu, Nan, 2024. "To protect or to hide-an investigation on corporate redacted disclosure motives under new FAST act regulation," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    19. Hyun Ah Kim & Nam Chul Jung, 2022. "Related Party Transactions and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-19, June.
    20. Nan Li, 2021. "Do Majority‐of‐Minority Shareholder Voting Rights Reduce Expropriation? Evidence from Related Party Transactions," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(4), pages 1385-1423, September.
    21. Luo, Danglun & Piao, Zhirong & Wu, Cen & Zhang, Frank Feida, 2024. "Collateral damage: Evidence from share pledging in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    22. Kinshuk Saurabh, 2023. "Expropriation mechanisms, corporate governance, and cross-border acquisitions by Indian firms," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(4), pages 395-409, December.
    23. Challoner A. Matero & Hsien-Li Lee, 2024. "Impact of Outside Blockholders on Related Party Transactions and Book-tax Conformity Link," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(7), pages 1053-1064, July.
    24. Sakthi Mahenthiran & Berta Silva Palavecinos & Hanns De La Fuente-Mella, 2020. "The Effect of Board Links, Audit Partner Tenure, and Related Party Transactions on Misstatements: Evidence from Chile," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-21, December.

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