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Transfer Pricing: Strategies, Practices, and Tax Minimization

Author

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  • Kenneth J. Klassen
  • Petro Lisowsky
  • Devan Mescall

Abstract

Using a survey of tax executives from multinational corporations, we document that some firms set their transfer pricing strategy to minimize tax payments, but more firms focus on tax compliance. We estimate that a firm focusing on minimizing taxes has a GAAP effective tax rate that is 6.6 percentage points lower and generates about $43 million more in tax savings, on average, than a firm focusing on tax compliance. Available COMPUSTAT data on sample firms confirm our survey†based inferences. We also find that transfer pricing†related tax savings are greater when higher foreign income, tax haven use, and R&D activities are combined with a tax minimization strategy. Finally, compliance†focused firms report lower FIN 48 tax reserves than tax†minimizing firms, consistent with the former group using less uncertain transfer pricing arrangements. Collectively, our study provides direct evidence that multinational firms have differing internal priorities for transfer pricing, and that these differences are strongly related to the taxes reported by these firms.À l'aide d'un sondage réalisé auprès des chefs de services de fiscalité de sociétés multinationales, les auteurs étayent l'hypothèse selon laquelle les sociétés qui établissent leur stratégie en matière de prix de transfert visent parfois la réduction maximale de l'impôt qu'elles ont à payer, mais plus souvent le respect de leurs obligations fiscales. Les auteurs estiment qu'une société qui vise la réduction maximale de l'impôt présente, en moyenne, un taux d'imposition effectif en conformité avec les PCGR inférieur de 6,6 points de pourcentage et environ 43 millions de dollars de plus en économies fiscales générées qu'une société qui vise le respect de ses obligations fiscales. Les données COMPUSTAT disponibles sur les sociétés de l’échantillon confirment les inférences reposant sur les résultats de ce sondage. Les auteurs constatent également que les économies fiscales liées aux prix de transfert sont plus importantes lorsque sont conjugués un revenu étranger plus élevé, le recours aux paradis fiscaux et des activités de R&D avec une stratégie de réduction maximale de l'impôt. Enfin, les sociétés qui visent le respect de leurs obligations fiscales font état de provisions pour impôt, en application de l'interprétation FIN 48, qui sont moins élevées que les sociétés visant la réduction maximale de l'impôt, du fait que les sociétés du premier groupe adoptent moins de positions fiscales incertaines en matière de prix de transfert. Dans leur ensemble, les résultats de l’étude fournissent une preuve directe que les sociétés multinationales ont des proirités internes divergentes en ce qui a trait aux prix de transfert, et que ces divergences sont fortement liées aux impôts dont ces sociétés font état.

Suggested Citation

  • Kenneth J. Klassen & Petro Lisowsky & Devan Mescall, 2017. "Transfer Pricing: Strategies, Practices, and Tax Minimization," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 455-493, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:455-493
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12239
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