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Auditor Choice and Its Implications for Group†Affiliated Firms

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  • Junxiong Fang
  • Jeffrey Pittman
  • Yinqi Zhang
  • Yuping Zhao

Abstract

We examine which of two opposing financial reporting incentives that group†affiliated firms experience shapes their accounting transparency evident in auditor choice. In one direction, complex group structure and intragroup transactions enable controlling shareholders to pursue diversionary activities that they later hide by distorting reported earnings. In the other direction, as outside investors price†protect against potential expropriation, controlling shareholders may be eager to improve financial reporting quality in order to alleviate agency costs. To empirically clarify whether group affiliation affects company insiders' incentives to address minority shareholders' concerns over agency costs, we examine auditor selection of group firms relative to stand†alone firms. In comparison to nongroup firms, our evidence implies that group firms are more likely to appoint Top 10 audit firms in China, especially when their controlling shareholders have stronger incentives to improve external monitoring of the financial reporting process. After isolating group firms, we find that the presence of a Top 10 auditor translates into higher earnings and disclosure quality, higher valuation implications for related†party transactions, and cheaper equity financing, implying that these firms benefit from engaging a high†quality auditor. In additional analysis consistent with our predictions, we find that group firms that are Top 10 clients pay higher audit fees and their controlling shareholders are more constrained against meeting earnings benchmarks through intragroup transactions and siphoning corporate resources at the expense of minority investors. Collectively, our evidence supports the narrative that insiders in firms belonging to business groups weigh the costs and benefits stemming from auditor choice.Les auteurs se demandent laquelle de deux motivations opposées liées à l'information financière animant les groupes d'entreprises affiliées détermine leur transparence comptable, telle qu'elle se manifeste dans le choix de l'auditeur. D'une part, la complexité de la structure du groupe et des opérations intragroupe permet aux actionnaires détenant le contrôle de se livrer à des activités de détournement qu'ils dissimulent par la suite en manipulant les résultats publiés. D'autre part, comme les investisseurs externes se protègent d'une éviction potentielle en tenant compte de ce risque dans les cours, les actionnaires détenant le contrôle peuvent avoir tendance à vouloir améliorer la qualité de l'information financière afin d'alléger les coûts de délégation. Pour déterminer empiriquement si le groupement d'entreprises affiliées influe sur les motivations des initiés à s'intéresser aux préoccupations des actionnaires minoritaires quant aux coûts de délégation, les auteurs étudient le choix de l'auditeur des groupes d'entreprises par rapport au choix de l'auditeur d'entreprises individuelles. Comparativement aux entreprises individuelles, il appert qu'en Chine, les entreprises appartenant à un groupe sont davantage susceptibles de retenir les services de cabinets d'audit appartenant aux Dix Grands, en particulier lorsque les actionnaires détenant le contrôle sont plus fortement motivés à améliorer le contrôle externe du processus d'information financière. Après avoir isolé les groupes d'entreprises, les auteurs observent que la présence d'un auditeur appartenant aux Dix Grands se traduit par une qualité accrue des résultats et de l'information publiée, l'attribution de valeurs plus élevées aux opérations entre parties liées, et des coûts inférieurs de financement par capitaux propres, ce qui donne à penser que ces entreprises tirent profit du choix d'un auditeur de calibre supérieur. Dans une analyse supplémentaire, conformément à leurs prédictions, les auteurs constatent que les groupes d'entreprises clientes des Dix Grands paient des honoraires d'audit plus élevés et que leurs actionnaires détenant le contrôle ont moins de latitude dans le recours aux opérations intragroupe et au drainage des ressources de l'entreprise aux dépens des actionnaires minoritaires en vue d'atteindre les résultats visés. Dans leur ensemble, les données qu'ils colligent confirment les allégations selon lesquelles les initiés des entreprises appartenant à des groupes soupèsent les coûts et les avantages du choix de l'auditeur.

Suggested Citation

  • Junxiong Fang & Jeffrey Pittman & Yinqi Zhang & Yuping Zhao, 2017. "Auditor Choice and Its Implications for Group†Affiliated Firms," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 39-82, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:39-82
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12276
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    Cited by:

    1. Yangyang Chen & Jun Huang & Ting Li & Jeffrey Pittman, 2022. "It's a Small World: The Importance of Social Connections with Auditors to Mutual Fund Managers’ Portfolio Decisions," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(3), pages 901-963, June.
    2. Guo, Kai & Ke, Bin & Tang, Song, 2023. "Private firms' financial constraints and share pledging by controlling shareholders of publicly listed firms: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    3. Sikochi, Anywhere, 2020. "Corporate legal structure and bank loan spread," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    4. Chu, Gang & Dowling, Michael & Shen, Dehua & Zhang, Yongjie, 2023. "Information demand density matters: Evidence from the post-earnings announcement drift," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    5. C. S. Agnes Cheng & Kun Wang & Yanping Xu & Ning Zhang, 2020. "The impact of revealing auditor partner quality: evidence from a long panel," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 1475-1506, December.
    6. Dan Dacian Cuzdriorean, 2018. "Auditing Research: A Review Of Recent Research Advances," Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, Eurasian Publications, vol. 6(4), pages 14-26.
    7. Phung Anh Thu & Thai Hong Thuy Khanh, 2022. "Determinants of Auditor Choice in Non-Financial Listed Firms on the Vietnamese Stock Market," International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management (IJABIM), IGI Global, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, August.
    8. C. S. Agnes Cheng & Yuan Huang & Sun & Yumiao Yu, 2021. "Geographic location of audit committee chairs and accruals quality: evidence from China," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1215-1246, November.
    9. Zhang, Shanshan & Liu, Chang, 2020. "State ownership and the structuring of lease arrangements," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    10. Kong, Dongmin & Ji, Mianmian & Liu, Lihua, 2023. "Mandatory dividend policy and investment efficiency within state-owned business groups," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    11. Patrick Velte, 2023. "The impact of external auditors on firms’ financial restatements: a review of archival studies and implications for future research," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 73(3), pages 959-985, September.
    12. Gordon, Elizabeth A. & Gotti, Giorgio & Ho, Joanna H. & Mora, Araceli & Morris, Richard D., 2019. "Commentary: Where is International Accounting Research Going? Issues Needing Further Investigation," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    13. Huacheng Wang & Kangtao Ye & Kai Zhong, 2018. "Accounting research in China: commemorating the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 1-37, December.
    14. Allaya, Manel & Derouiche, Imen & Muessig, Anke, 2022. "Voluntary disclosure, ownership structure, and corporate debt maturity: A study of French listed firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    15. Jingjing Xu, 2021. "Relationship Between Controlling Shareholders’ Participation in Share Pledging and Accounting Conservatism in China," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 31(1), pages 9-21, March.
    16. Xu, Hui & Chan, Kam C. & Na, Chaohong & Fang, Qiaoling, 2023. "The bright side of the internal labor market: Evidence from the labor cost stickiness of firms affiliated with privately owned business groups in China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    17. Andrew M. Bauer & Junxiong Fang & Jeffrey Pittman & Yinqi Zhang & Yuping Zhao, 2020. "How Aggressive Tax Planning Facilitates the Diversion of Corporate Resources: Evidence from Path Analysis†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 1882-1913, September.

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