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Debt Covenant Violations, Firm Financial Distress, and Auditor Actions

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  • Lori Shefchik Bhaskar
  • Gopal V. Krishnan
  • Wei Yu

Abstract

We conduct a comprehensive study on the associations between debt covenant violations (“violations†) and auditor actions for financially distressed and nondistressed firms. Our study is motivated by a lack of research on the consequences of violations resulting from auditors' actions. We find that firms with violations have significantly higher audit fees, a greater likelihood of receiving a going†concern opinion, and a greater likelihood of experiencing an auditor resignation. Importantly, the positive associations hold for all types of firms, including financially nondistressed firms. In fact, we find that, after controlling for other financial information, the relation between violations and an increased likelihood of a going†concern opinion is stronger for nondistressed versus distressed firms. Our evidence is consistent with belief†revision research in auditing that finds auditors react more strongly to information that is inconsistent with their prior beliefs. This study provides further evidence on the indirect yet significant consequences of covenant violations on firms resulting from auditor actions.Les auteurs analysent en profondeur les liens entre les dérogations aux clauses restrictives (« dérogations ») et la ligne de conduite adoptée par les auditeurs à l'égard des sociétés qui sont aux prises avec des difficultés financières et celles qui ne le sont pas. Leur étude vise à combler la pénurie de travaux relatifs aux conséquences des dérogations résultant de la ligne de conduire adoptée par les auditeurs. Les auteurs constatent que les sociétés affichant des dérogations présentent des honoraires d'audit sensiblement plus élevés, une probabilité accrue que soit exprimée une réserve quant à la continuité de leur exploitation, et une probabilité accrue de démission des auditeurs. Fait important, les liens positifs observés persistent quel que soit le type de société, y compris pour les sociétés qui ne sont pas en difficulté financière. En fait, une fois contrôlées les autres informations financières, les auteurs constatent que la relation entre les dérogations et la probabilité accrue que soit exprimée une réserve quant à la continuité de l'exploitation est plus marquée dans le cas des sociétés qui ne sont pas en difficulté financière comparativement à celles qui le sont. Les données recueillies vont dans le sens des études qui remettent en cause les idées reçues selon lesquelles les auditeurs réagissent plus fortement aux informations qui ne sont pas conformes à leurs convictions préalables. Cette étude fournit des preuves supplémentaires des conséquences indirectes mais néanmoins importantes pour les sociétés des dérogations aux clauses restrictives résultant de la ligne de conduite adoptée par les auditeurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Lori Shefchik Bhaskar & Gopal V. Krishnan & Wei Yu, 2017. "Debt Covenant Violations, Firm Financial Distress, and Auditor Actions," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 186-215, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:186-215
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12241
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    Cited by:

    1. Theodore E. Christensen & Hang Pei & Spencer R. Pierce & Liang Tan, 2019. "Non-GAAP reporting following debt covenant violations," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 629-664, June.
    2. Wu, Bin & Li, Anqi & Zhang, Wen, 2024. "Clients' strategic change and auditor behavior: Evidence from audit adjustments and audit fees," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    3. Li, Xia & Gupta, Jairaj & Bu, Ziwen & Kannothra, Chacko George, 2023. "Effect of cash flow risk on corporate failures, and the moderating role of earnings management and abnormal compensation," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    4. Ines Gharbi & Mounira Hamed‐Sidhom & Khaled Hussainey & Janet Ganouati, 2021. "Religiosity and financial distress in U.S. firms," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 3902-3915, July.
    5. Wu, Bin & Wu, Yaqian & Zhang, Min & Li, Jiyuan, 2024. "Opening the black box of human resource allocations in audit firms: The assignment of audit partners to audit engagements," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(2).
    6. Ahsan Habib & Mabel D' Costa & Hedy Jiaying Huang & Md. Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan & Li Sun, 2020. "Determinants and consequences of financial distress: review of the empirical literature," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(S1), pages 1023-1075, April.
    7. Jeffrey Pittman & Yuping Zhao, 2020. "Debt Covenant Restriction, Financial Misreporting, and Auditor Monitoring," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2145-2185, December.
    8. Ye Cai & Hersh Shefrin, 2018. "Focal points and firm risk," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 24(4), pages 521-544, September.
    9. Dan Dacian Cuzdriorean, 2018. "Auditing Research: A Review Of Recent Research Advances," Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, Eurasian Publications, vol. 6(4), pages 14-26.
    10. Tri Tri Nguyen & Chau Minh Duong & Nguyet Thi Minh Nguyen & Hung Quang Bui, 2020. "Accounting conservatism and banking expertise on board of directors," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 501-539, August.
    11. Myojung Cho & Gopal V. Krishnan, 2023. "Principles-based accounting standards and audit outcomes: empirical evidence," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 164-200, March.
    12. Mihai Carp & Costel Istrate, 2021. "Audit Quality under Influences of Audit Firm and Auditee Characteristics: Evidence from the Romanian Regulated Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, June.
    13. Ting Zhang & So Yean Kwack & Yi Si & Gaoliang Tian, 2023. "Non‐GAAP earnings reporting following going‐concern opinions," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(3), pages 3217-3252, September.
    14. Yichu Huang & Lei Chen & Frank Hong Liu, 2024. "Bank intervention and firms’ earnings management: evidence from debt covenant violations," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 63(1), pages 237-264, July.

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