IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/accper/v12y2013i4p301-320.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Auditor Independence: A Nonparametric Test of Differences Across the Big‐5 Public Accounting Firms

Author

Listed:
  • Praveen Sinha
  • Herbert G. Hunt

Abstract

This small sample study provides additional evidence on the unsettled question of auditor independence: Does the provision of non‐audit services by an auditor compromise independence resulting in a poor quality audit? We also examine whether these findings vary across the “Big‐5” public accounting firms. Most prior studies addressing this question, using parametric approaches and various measures of audit quality, have reported conflicting results. Contrary to these studies, we use a non‐parametric approach and the probability of GAAP violation as a new measure of audit quality to address this question. Using data from a sample of Fortune 500 companies for the year 2000, we find that firms whose auditors provide substantial non‐audit services tend to have a higher propensity to violate GAAP. At the firm‐level analysis, we find that these results are more likely driven by few of the Big‐5 public accounting firms. For the remaining firms, the association between non‐audit services and quality of audit could not be established, primarily because of small sample size and lack of power in the test. Our main finding is consistent with other recent studies that provide evidence that the rendering of significant non‐audit services by auditors creates conflict of interest resulting in poor quality audits. Furthermore, our result of differences in these levels of association among the Big‐5 accounting firms represents a new finding, and suggests that there is a need for controlling them separately in research studies examining auditor independence. Résumé L'étude, fondée sur un petit échantillon, livre des données supplémentaires quant à la question non résolue de l'indépendance de l'auditeur : la prestation de services autres que l'audit par un auditeur compromet‐elle l'indépendance de ce dernier et diminue‐t‐elle, ce faisant, la qualité de l'audit ? Les auteurs se demandent également si les observations à cet égard varient selon le cabinet d'expertise comptable parmi les « Cinq Grands ». La plupart des chercheurs qui se sont penchés sur cette question auparavant, à l'aide de méthodes paramétriques et de diverses mesures de la qualité de l'audit, ont obtenu des résultats conflictuels. Contrairement à ces chercheurs, les auteurs ont ici recours à une méthode non paramétrique et utilisent la probabilité de dérogation aux PCGR comme nouvelle mesure de la qualité de l'audit pour étudier cette question. En analysant des données provenant d'un échantillon de sociétés du palmarès Fortune 500 pour l'année 2000, ils constatent que les sociétés dont les auditeurs offrent un important volume de services autres que l'audit tendent à afficher une plus grande propension à la dérogation aux PCGR. À l'échelon des cabinets, l'analyse porte les auteurs à conclure que ces résultats sont davantage associés à quelques cabinets d'expertise comptable appartenant aux Cinq Grands. Pour ce qui est des autres cabinets, le lien entre les services autres que l'audit et la qualité de l'audit n'a pu être établi, principalement en raison de la petite taille de l'échantillon et de la puissance insuffisante du test. Les auteurs concluent que leur constatation principale est conforme à celle d'autres études récentes. Dans l'ensemble, ces études fournissent des données convaincantes selon lesquelles la prestation d'un important volume de services autres que l'audit par les auditeurs donne naissance à un conflit d'intérêts qui entraîne la faible qualité des audits. En outre, les résultats qu'ils obtiennent quant aux écarts dans l'intensité de ce lien selon le cabinet, parmi les Cinq Grands, constituent une nouvelle observation et donnent à penser qu'il conviendrait de contrôler ces écarts dans des études distinctes relatives à l'indépendance de l'auditeur.

Suggested Citation

  • Praveen Sinha & Herbert G. Hunt, 2013. "Auditor Independence: A Nonparametric Test of Differences Across the Big‐5 Public Accounting Firms," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(4), pages 301-320, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:12:y:2013:i:4:p:301-320
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12020
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12020
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1911-3838.12020?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ilias G. Basioudis & Evangelos Papakonstantinou & Marshall A. Geiger, 2008. "Audit Fees, Non‐Audit Fees and Auditor Going‐Concern Reporting Decisions in the United Kingdom," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 44(3), pages 284-309, September.
    2. Keith L. Jones & Gopal V. Krishnan & Kevin D. Melendrez, 2008. "Do Models of Discretionary Accruals Detect Actual Cases of Fraudulent and Restated Earnings? An Empirical Analysis," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(2), pages 499-531, June.
    3. Chee‐Yeow Lim & Hun‐Tong Tan, 2008. "Non‐audit Service Fees and Audit Quality: The Impact of Auditor Specialization," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(1), pages 199-246, March.
    4. Jere R. Francis, 2006. "Are Auditors Compromised by Nonaudit Services? Assessing the Evidence," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(3), pages 747-760, September.
    5. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 589-609, September.
    6. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy: A Discriminant Analysis," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(1), pages 193-194, March.
    7. Simunic, Da, 1984. "Auditing, Consulting, And Auditor Independence," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 679-702.
    8. Johnson, Marilyn F. & Nelson, Karen K. & Frankel, Richard M., 2002. "The Relation Between Auditor's Fees for Non-audit Services and Earnings Quality," Research Papers 1696r, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bugeja, Martin, 2011. "Takeover premiums and the perception of auditor independence and reputation," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(4), pages 278-293.
    2. Chee‐Yeow Lim & Hun‐Tong Tan, 2008. "Non‐audit Service Fees and Audit Quality: The Impact of Auditor Specialization," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(1), pages 199-246, March.
    3. Reshma Kumari Tiwari & Jasojit Debnath, 2021. "Joint Provision of Non-audit Services to Audit Clients: Empirical Evidences from India," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 46(3), pages 153-165, September.
    4. .Reiner Quick & Matthias Sattler, 2011. "Beeinträchtigen Beratungsleistungen die Urteilsfreiheit des Abschlussprüfers? Zum Einfluss von Beratungshonoraren auf diskretionäre Periodenabgrenzungen," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 63(4), pages 310-343, June.
    5. Luo, Bing, 2019. "Effects of auditor-provided tax services on book-tax differences and on investors' mispricing of book-tax differences," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    6. Knechel, W. Robert & Thomas, Edward & Driskill, Matthew, 2020. "Understanding financial auditing from a service perspective," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    7. Kenneth J. Reichelt & Dechun Wang, 2010. "National and Office‐Specific Measures of Auditor Industry Expertise and Effects on Audit Quality," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(3), pages 647-686, June.
    8. Yijiang Zhao & Kung Chen & Lee Yao, 2009. "Effects of takeover protection on earnings overstatements: evidence from restating firms," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 347-369, November.
    9. Silvia Ferramosca & Giulio Greco & Marco Allegrini, 2017. "External audit and goodwill write-off," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 21(4), pages 907-934, December.
    10. Jian Cao & Feng Chen & Julia L. Higgs, 2016. "Late for a very important date: financial reporting and audit implications of late 10-K filings," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 633-671, June.
    11. Thomas C. Omer & Nathan Y. Sharp & Dechun Wang, 2018. "The Impact of Religion on the Going Concern Reporting Decisions of Local Audit Offices," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 149(4), pages 811-831, June.
    12. Geiger, Marshall A. & Basioudis, Ilias G. & DeLange, Paul, 2022. "The effect of non-audit fees and industry specialization on the prevalence and accuracy of auditor’s going-concern reporting decisions," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    13. Velia Gabriella Cenciarelli & Giulio Greco & Marco Allegrini, 2018. "External audit and bankruptcy prediction," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 22(4), pages 863-890, December.
    14. Chen, Long & Krishnan, Gopal V. & Yu, Wei, 2018. "The relation between audit fee cuts during the global financial crisis and earnings quality and audit quality," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 14-31.
    15. Christiane Pott & Tobias Tebben & Christoph Watrin, 2014. "The effect of outside directors’ and auditors’ incentives on managers’ ability to manage cash bonuses," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 18(2), pages 505-540, May.
    16. Chen, Yangyang & Li, Qingyuan & Ng, Jeffrey & Wang, Chong, 2021. "Corporate financing of investment opportunities in a world of institutional cross-ownership," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    17. Hope, Ole-Kristian & Hu, Danqi & Zhao, Wuyang, 2017. "Third-party consequences of short-selling threats: The case of auditor behavior," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 479-498.
    18. Abdul Wahab, Effiezal Aswadi & Gist, Willie E. & Nik Abdul Majid, Wan Zurina, 2014. "Characteristics of non-audit services and financial restatements in Malaysia," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 225-247.
    19. Gerald J. Lobo & Yuan Xie & Joseph H. Zhang, 2018. "Innovation, financial reporting quality, and audit quality," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 719-749, October.
    20. Jeffrey Pittman & Yuping Zhao, 2020. "Debt Covenant Restriction, Financial Misreporting, and Auditor Monitoring," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2145-2185, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:12:y:2013:i:4:p:301-320. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1111/(ISSN)1911-3838 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.