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Health Care Spending Structures in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia Over the Years as Compared to Other EU Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Walczak Renata

    (Warsaw University of Technology, College of Economics and Social Sciences, Plock, Poland)

  • Piekut Marlena

    (Warsaw University of Technology, College of Economics and Social Sciences, Plock, Poland)

  • Kludacz-Alessandri Magdalena

    (Warsaw University of Technology, College of Economics and Social Sciences, Plock, Poland)

  • Sloka Biruta

    (University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia)

  • Šimanskiene Ligita

    (Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania)

  • Paas Tiiu

    (Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia)

Abstract

After joining the European Union in 2004, the post-communist countries have dramatically changed their structure of expenditure for medical services. The cause of this is legislative and ownership changes in the new economy. The study analyzed the expenditure on medical services in the European Union with a special focus on Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The European Union countries were divided into clusters using different methods, that is, Ward’s, Two Step and Centroid Clustering. In the paper, the structure and changes in health expenses were presented according to the types of expenditures over the years 2004-2015. Countries were assigned to clusters based on three variables: medical products, appliances and equipment, outpatient services and hospital services. Variables were considered as a percentage of household budget. In Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, there is a clear increase in the outpatient services spending compared to the hospital services expenditure.

Suggested Citation

  • Walczak Renata & Piekut Marlena & Kludacz-Alessandri Magdalena & Sloka Biruta & Šimanskiene Ligita & Paas Tiiu, 2018. "Health Care Spending Structures in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia Over the Years as Compared to Other EU Countries," Foundations of Management, Sciendo, vol. 10(1), pages 45-58, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:founma:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:1-1:n:5
    DOI: 10.2478/fman-2018-0005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mitenbergs, Uldis & Brigis, Girts & Quentin, Wilm, 2014. "Healthcare financing reform in Latvia: Switching from social health insurance to NHS and back?," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(2), pages 147-152.
    2. Sylwia Nieszporska, 2017. "Priorities in the Polish health care system," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 18(1), pages 1-5, January.
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