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Pregnancy and Parental Leave Benefits in the United States and Canada: Judicial Decisions and Legislation

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  • Eileen Trzcinski
  • William T. Alpert

Abstract

This paper outlines the major judicial decisions and legislative initiatives that have shaped the growth of various types of maternity and parental leave employment benefits in the United States and Canada and analyzes the differences and similarities in the United States and Canadian evolution of these benefits. It presents the major judicial arguments in detail, because these arguments represent social and economic perspectives that shaped the labor market opportunities afforded women in the United States and Canada throughout the beginning and the middle of this century. It also highlights the interaction between judicial decisions and legislative initiatives in influencing the availability of leave.

Suggested Citation

  • Eileen Trzcinski & William T. Alpert, 1994. "Pregnancy and Parental Leave Benefits in the United States and Canada: Judicial Decisions and Legislation," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 29(2), pages 535-554.
    • Handle: RePEc:uwp:jhriss:v:29:y:1994:ii:1:p:535-554
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Christopher J. Ruhm & Jackqueline L. Teague, 1995. "Parental Leave Policies in Europe and North America," NBER Working Papers 5065, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Sankar Mukhopadhyay, 2012. "The Effects Of The 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Act On Female Labor Supply," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 53(4), pages 1133-1153, November.
    3. Maya Rossin-Slater, 2017. "Maternity and Family Leave Policy," NBER Working Papers 23069, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Tzannatos, Zafiris, 1999. "Women and Labor Market Changes in the Global Economy: Growth Helps, Inequalities Hurt and Public Policy Matters," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 551-569, March.
    5. Lersch, Kim Michelle, 1998. "Predicting citizen race in allegations of misconduct against the police," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 87-97, March.
    6. Timpe, Brenden, 2024. "The labor market impacts of America’s first paid maternity leave policy," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    7. Christopher J. Ruhm, 1997. "Policy Watch: The Family and Medical Leave Act," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 11(3), pages 175-186, Summer.
    8. Rossin-Slater, Maya, 2017. "Maternity and Family Leave Policy," IZA Discussion Papers 10500, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Sun, Ivan Y. & Payne, Brian K. & Wu, Yuning, 2008. "The impact of situational factors, officer characteristics, and neighborhood context on police behavior: A multilevel analysis," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 22-32, March.
    10. Maria J. Hanratty, 1994. "Social Welfare Programs for Women and Children: The United States versus France," NBER Chapters, in: Social Protection versus Economic Flexibility: Is There a Trade-Off?, pages 301-332, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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