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Infrastructure and inequality: An empirical evidence from Indonesia

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  • Amien Makmuri

Abstract

This research is an attempt to study the empirical relationship between infrastructure and income inequality in Indonesia. It uses regression analysis with panel data set covering 32 provinces in the period of 2007–2013 in order to estimate whether the infrastructure has positive or negative effects on income inequality. We use a conventional income inequality measure, Gini index. The model is estimated by simple pooled OLS, fixed-effect and random-effect models. To overcome the endogeneity problem, infrastructures quantity and quality indicators enter the regressions with one-year lag. We find that road and telecommunication quantities tend to boost income inequality, while electricity quantity, airport quantity, and airport quality have a favorable impact on the distribution of income and help to alleviate income inequality. Whereas, when these different categories of infrastructure are formed as synthetic indices, the relation between these indices and income inequality lends support to the idea that infrastructure increases income inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Amien Makmuri, 2017. "Infrastructure and inequality: An empirical evidence from Indonesia," Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, Universitas Islam Indonesia, vol. 9(1), pages 29-39.
    • Handle: RePEc:uii:journl:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:29-39:id:7139
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    File URL: https://journal.uii.ac.id/JEP/article/view/7139/6708
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    Cited by:

    1. Medeiros, Victor & Ribeiro, Rafael Saulo Marques, 2020. "Power infrastructure and income inequality: Evidence from Brazilian state-level data using dynamic panel data models," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    2. Stephen J. Turnovsky & Iñaki Erauskin, 2022. "Productive government expenditure and its impact on income inequality: evidence from international panel data," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 158(1), pages 331-364, February.
    3. Yang, Tingru & Li, Hui & Zhang, Lingyue & Chen, Tianqi, 2022. "The impact of city gas on income inequality in China: A regional heterogeneity analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    4. Sawadogo, Relwendé & Semedo, Gervasio, 2021. "Financial inclusion, income inequality, and institutions in sub-Saharan Africa: Identifying cross-country inequality regimes," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 15-28.
    5. Bakouan, Pousseni & Sawadogo, Relwendé, 2024. "BioTrade and income inequality: Does frontier technology readiness matter?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 650-665.
    6. Victor Medeiros & Rafael Saulo Marques Ribeiro & Pedro Vasconscelos Maia do Amaral, 2022. "Infrastructure and income inequality: An application to the Brazilian case using hierarchical spatial autoregressive models," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(5), pages 1467-1486, November.
    7. Medeiros, Victor & Ribeiro, Rafael Saulo Marques & Amaral, Pedro Vasconcelos Maia do, 2021. "Infrastructure and household poverty in Brazil: A regional approach using multilevel models," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    8. Bruno Emmanuel Ongo Nkoa & Honoré Tekam Oumbé & Georges Ngnouwal Eloundou & Thierry Asngar Mamadou, 2022. "Impact of access to electricity on internal conflicts in Africa: Does income inequality matter?," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(3), pages 395-409, September.
    9. Victor Medeiros & Rafael Saulo Marques Ribeiro & Pedro Vasconcelos Maia do Amaral, 2019. "Infrastructure and income inequality: an application to the brazilian case using hierarchical spatial autoregressive models," Textos para Discussão Cedeplar-UFMG 608, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
    10. Amir, Sulfikar, 2023. "Scrutinising Nusantara: the making of an authoritarian city," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 119201, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    11. Onesmus Mbaabu Mutiiria & Qingjiang Ju & Koffi Dumor, 2020. "Infrastructure and inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa: An empirical analysis," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 20(3), pages 187-207, July.
    12. Isaac K. Ofori & Nathanael Ojong & Emmanuel Y. Gbolonyo, 2024. "Foreign Aid, Infrastructure, and the Inclusive Growth Agenda in Sub‐Saharan Africa," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(4), December.

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