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Individualism and School Performance: Evidence from PISA Test Scores

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  • Philipp Ehrl
  • Fabiana de Assis Alves

Abstract

This paper analyzes whether the cultural trait of individualism affects school performance by using Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) data. Our preferred empirical specification is an instrumental variable estimation with school fixed effects and individual control variables. We find that a 1 standard deviation higher individualism index is associated with an increase of between 19 and 36 score points in science, math, and reading tests, roughly equivalent to the content of 1.1–2.1 school years. The use of Hofstede’s index or a derived individualism index from the PISA data leads to the same conclusions.

Suggested Citation

  • Philipp Ehrl & Fabiana de Assis Alves, 2024. "Individualism and School Performance: Evidence from PISA Test Scores," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 18(3), pages 426-468.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jhucap:doi:10.1086/729101
    DOI: 10.1086/729101
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