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Racial Disparities in Voting Wait Times: Evidence from Smartphone Data

Author

Listed:
  • M. Keith Chen

    (University of California at Los Angeles)

  • Kareem Haggag

    (Carnegie Mellon University)

  • Devin G. Pope

    (University of Chicago)

  • Ryne Rohla

    (University of California at Los Angeles)

Abstract

Equal access to voting is a core feature of democratic government. Using data from hundreds of thousands of smartphone users, we quantify a racial disparity in voting wait times across a nationwide sample of polling places during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Relative to entirely white neighborhoods, residents of entirely black neighborhoods waited 29% longer to vote and were 74% more likely to spend more than thirty minutes at their polling place. This disparity holds when comparing predominantly white and black polling places within the same states and counties and survives numerous robustness and placebo tests. We shed light on the mechanism for these results and discuss how geospatial data can be an effective tool to measure and monitor these disparities going forward.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Keith Chen & Kareem Haggag & Devin G. Pope & Ryne Rohla, 2022. "Racial Disparities in Voting Wait Times: Evidence from Smartphone Data," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 104(6), pages 1341-1350, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:tpr:restat:v:104:y:2022:i:6:p:1341-1350
    DOI: 10.1162/rest_a_01012
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    Cited by:

    1. Jacob M. Grumbach & Charlotte Hill, 2023. "Which States Adopt Election-Subversion Policies?," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 708(1), pages 243-256, July.
    2. Kyle Raze, 2022. "Voting rights and the resilience of Black turnout," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(3), pages 1127-1141, July.

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