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The Reflection Effect for Higher-Order Risk Preferences

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  • Han Bleichrodt
  • Paul van Bruggen

Abstract

Higher-order risk preferences are important determinants of economic behavior. We apply insights from behavioral economics: we measure higher-order risk preferences for pure gains and losses. We find a reflection effect not only for second-order risk preferences, as did Kahneman and Tversky (1979), but also for higher-order risk preferences: we find risk aversion, prudence and intemperance for gains and much more risk-loving preferences, imprudence and temperance for losses. These findings are at odds with a universal preference for combining good with bad or good with good, which previous results suggest may underlie higher-order risk preferences.

Suggested Citation

  • Han Bleichrodt & Paul van Bruggen, 2022. "The Reflection Effect for Higher-Order Risk Preferences," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 104(4), pages 705-717, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:tpr:restat:v:104:y:2022:i:4:p:705-717
    DOI: 10.1162/rest_a_00980
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Arthur E. Attema & Olivier L’Haridon & Gijs Kuilen, 2023. "An experimental investigation of social risk preferences for health," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 95(3), pages 379-403, October.
    2. Bougherara, Douadia & Friesen, Lana & Nauges, Céline, 2022. "Risk-taking and skewness-seeking behavior in a demographically diverse population," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 83-104.
    3. Konstantinos Georgalos & Ivan Paya & David Peel, 2023. "Higher order risk attitudes: new model insights and heterogeneity of preferences," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 26(1), pages 145-192, March.
    4. Ivan Paya & David A. Peel & Konstantinos Georgalos, 2023. "On the predictions of cumulative prospect theory for third and fourth order risk preferences," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 95(2), pages 337-359, August.
    5. Camille Cornand & Maria Alejandra Erazo Diaz & Béatrice Rey & Adam Zylbersztejn, 2023. "On the robustness of higher order attitudes to ambiguity framing," Working Papers 2318, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Étienne (GATE Lyon St-Étienne), Université de Lyon.
    6. van Bruggen, Paul & Laeven, Roger J. A. & van de Kuilen, Gijs, 2024. "Higher-Order Risk Attitudes for Non-Expected Utility," Discussion Paper 2024-019, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    7. Mario Menegatti, 2023. "A note on changes in additive risky benefits and risky costs," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 19(3), pages 753-763, September.
    8. Colasante, Annarita & García-Segarra, Jaume & Riccetti, Luca & Russo, Alberto, 2022. "On the consistency of the individual behavior when facing higher-order risk attitudes," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).

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