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The Causal Relationships between International Trade and International Tourism in NAFTA countries: Applications of Time and Frequency Domain Approaches

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  • Serdar Ongan
  • Ismet Gocer

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the causal and long-run relationships between international trade and international tourism among the NAFTA countries for the USA-Canada and USA-Mexico pairs, bilaterally. To this aim, the causality in the time and frequency domain approaches was applied over the period of 1997:M12 to 2017:M02. For the cointegration relations and cointegration coefficients, the bounds testing approach and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method were applied, respectively. The overall empirical results indicate that international trade may promote international tourism and vice versa since these two global economic phenomena interact with each other over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Serdar Ongan & Ismet Gocer, 2020. "The Causal Relationships between International Trade and International Tourism in NAFTA countries: Applications of Time and Frequency Domain Approaches," The International Trade Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(3), pages 319-338, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:uitjxx:v:34:y:2020:i:3:p:319-338
    DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2019.1673263
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Yingtong & Zhang, Dayong & Ji, Qiang, 2022. "Impacts of regional cooperation agreements on international tourism: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 663-676.
    2. Koliadenko, Svitlana & Andreichenko, Andrii & Galperina, Liubov & Minenko, Sofiia & Kovylina, Maria, 2020. "Analysis and forecasting of Ukrainian agrarian exports to the EU countries," Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, vol. 6(3), September.

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