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Equity-Indexed Life Insurance: Pricing and Reserving Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

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  • Virginia Young

Abstract

The author applies the principle of equivalent utility to price and reserve equity-indexed life insurance. Young and Zariphopoulou (2002a, b) extended this principle to price insurance products in a dynamic framework. However, in those papers, the insurance risks were independent of the risky asset in the financial market. By contrast, the death benefit for equity-indexed life insurance is a function of a risky asset; therefore, this paper further extends the principle of equivalent utility. In a second extension, the author applies the principle of equivalent utility to calculate reserves, as introduced by Gerber (1976). In a related paper, Moore and Young (2002) price equity-indexed pure endowments, the building blocks of equity-indexed life annuities.

Suggested Citation

  • Virginia Young, 2003. "Equity-Indexed Life Insurance: Pricing and Reserving Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 68-86.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:uaajxx:v:7:y:2003:i:1:p:68-86
    DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2003.10596078
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chong, Wing Fung, 2019. "Pricing and hedging equity-linked life insurance contracts beyond the classical paradigm: The principle of equivalent forward preferences," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 93-107.
    2. Yugu Xiao, 2011. "Pricing a contract of linking home reversion plan and long-term care insurance via the principle of equivalent utility," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 465-475, February.
    3. Moore, Kristen S. & Young, Virginia R., 2003. "Pricing equity-linked pure endowments via the principle of equivalent utility," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 497-516, December.
    4. Matheus R Grasselli & Sebastiano Silla, 2009. "A policyholder's utility indifference valuation model for the guaranteed annuity option," Papers 0908.3196, arXiv.org.
    5. Chen, D.H.J. & Beetsma, R.M.W.J. & van Wijnbergen, S.J.G., 2020. "Unhedgeable inflation risk within pension schemes," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 7-24.
    6. Virginia R. Young, 2004. "Pricing In An Incomplete Market With An Affine Term Structure," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(3), pages 359-381, July.
    7. Alessandra Cretarola & Benedetta Salterini, 2023. "Utility-based indifference pricing of pure endowments in a Markov-modulated market model," Papers 2301.13575, arXiv.org.
    8. Cui, Zhenyu & Kirkby, J. Lars & Nguyen, Duy, 2017. "Equity-linked annuity pricing with cliquet-style guarantees in regime-switching and stochastic volatility models with jumps," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 46-62.
    9. Patrick Brockett & Linda Goldens & Min-Ming Wen & Charles Yang, 2009. "Pricing Weather Derivatives Using the Indifference Pricing Approach," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(3), pages 303-315.
    10. Chen, Damiaan H.J. & Beetsma, Roel M.W.J. & van Wijnbergen, Sweder J.G., 2023. "Intergenerational sharing of unhedgeable inflation risk," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 140-160.
    11. Moore, Kristen S., 2009. "Optimal surrender strategies for equity-indexed annuity investors," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 1-18, February.
    12. Ma, Jin & Yun, Youngyun, 2010. "Correlated intensity, counter party risks, and dependent mortalities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 337-351, December.
    13. Jaimungal, Sebastian & Young, Virginia R., 2005. "Pricing equity-linked pure endowments with risky assets that follow Lévy processes," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 329-346, June.
    14. Kira Henshaw & Corina Constantinescu & Olivier Menoukeu Pamen, 2020. "Stochastic Mortality Modelling for Dependent Coupled Lives," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-28, February.
    15. Kevin Fergusson & Eckhard Platen, 2013. "Real World Pricing of Long Term Cash-Linked Annuities and Equity-Linked Annuities with Cash-Linked Guarantees," Research Paper Series 338, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
    16. Alexander Melnikov & Yuliya Romanyuk, 2008. "Efficient Hedging And Pricing Of Equity-Linked Life Insurance Contracts On Several Risky Assets," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 11(03), pages 295-323.
    17. Eckhard Platen, 2009. "Real World Pricing of Long Term Contracts," Research Paper Series 262, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
    18. Ludkovski, Michael & Young, Virginia R., 2008. "Indifference pricing of pure endowments and life annuities under stochastic hazard and interest rates," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 14-30, February.
    19. Chen, Mi & Peng, Xiaofan & Guo, Junyi, 2013. "Optimal dividend problem with a nonlinear regular-singular stochastic control," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 448-456.
    20. Brockett Patrick L. & Leng Chao-Chun & Wen Min-Ming & Yang Charles C., 2012. "Political Risk Insurance and Foreign Direct Investments," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, February.
    21. Kevin Fergusson & Eckhard Platen, 2017. "Less-Expensive Valuation of Long Term Annuities Linked to Mortality, Cash and Equity," Papers 1711.02808, arXiv.org.
    22. Christophette Blanchet-Scalliet & Diana Dorobantu & Yahia Salhi, 2019. "A Model-Point Approach to Indifference Pricing of Life Insurance Portfolios with Dependent Lives," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 423-448, June.
    23. Liang, Xiaoqing & Lu, Yi, 2017. "Indifference pricing of a life insurance portfolio with risky asset driven by a shot-noise process," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 119-132.
    24. Gan, Guojun, 2013. "Application of data clustering and machine learning in variable annuity valuation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 795-801.

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