A cardinal-based numerical method for fractional optimal control problems with Caputo–Katugampola fractional derivative in a large domain

In this paper, the piecewise Chebyshev cardinal functions (PCCFs) are handled to design a highly accurate direct method to solve a category of fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) involving the Caputo–Katugampola fractional derivative (as a generalisation of the Caputo derivative) in a large domain. These cardinal functions have many useful features, such as cardinality, exponential accuracy and orthogonality. Notice that the exponential accuracy makes it possible to obtain an approximate solution with very high accuracy for the problem under consideration by applying only a small number of basis functions. In this regard, first, the ordinary and fractional integral matrices of the PCCFs are obtained to construct a direct method using them. Then, the constructed approach turns to solve the FOCP under consideration into deriving the solution of an algebraic system (by the aid of approximating the state and control variables based on the PCCFs). To show the validity of the established technique some illustrative examples are provided.