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A causal model relating urban form with daily travel distance through activity/travel decisions

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  • Kees Maat
  • Harry J.P. Timmermans

Abstract

Urban form is often assumed to influence travel distance. However, as this is no travel choice in itself, but the consequence of other decisions, this paper tests, consistent with the activity-based approach, a causal model that does not relate urban form directly with daily travel distance, but indirectly through a series of decisions. A structural equation model was developed with urban form measures for both the residential and the work environment. The model demonstrates that indirect effects can steer a total effect in another direction, indicating that the apparent effects of one variable on another can be the trade-off of opposite effects. Effects from residential density suggest that people in a dense residential environment travel a little less, although this effect is partly cancelled out by extra activities. Workplace density/mix increases total daily distances, but decreases distances by car.

Suggested Citation

  • Kees Maat & Harry J.P. Timmermans, 2009. "A causal model relating urban form with daily travel distance through activity/travel decisions," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(2), pages 115-134, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:transp:v:32:y:2009:i:2:p:115-134
    DOI: 10.1080/03081060902861285
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    Cited by:

    1. Yavuz Duvarcı & Tan Yigitcanlar, 2019. "Can Tube Tunnel Crossings Relieve Urban Congestion Problems? Izmir Tube Tunnel Project Proposal Under Scrutiny," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-22, May.
    2. Ding, Chuan & Wang, Donggen & Liu, Chao & Zhang, Yi & Yang, Jiawen, 2017. "Exploring the influence of built environment on travel mode choice considering the mediating effects of car ownership and travel distance," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 65-80.
    3. Ding, Yu & Lu, Huapu, 2016. "Activity participation as a mediating variable to analyze the effect of land use on travel behavior: A structural equation modeling approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 23-28.
    4. Kasraian, Dena & Maat, Kees & van Wee, Bert, 2018. "Urban developments and daily travel distances: Fixed, random and hybrid effects models using a Dutch pseudo-panel over three decades," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 228-236.
    5. Maximiliano Lizana & Juan-Antonio Carrasco & Alejandro Tudela, 2020. "Studying the relationship between activity participation, social networks, expenditures and travel behavior on leisure activities," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 1765-1786, August.
    6. Shi, Kunbo & De Vos, Jonas & Yang, Yongchun & Li, Enlong & Witlox, Frank, 2020. "Does e-shopping for intangible services attenuate the effect of spatial attributes on travel distance and duration?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 86-97.
    7. Jianming Le & Kunhui Ye, 2022. "Measuring City-Level Transit Accessibility Based on the Weight of Residential Land Area: A Case of Nanning City, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.
    8. ten Dam, Chris Djie & Kramer, Gert Jan & Ettema, Dick & Koning, Vinzenz, 2022. "Spatial and sociodemographic determinants of energy consumption for personal mobility in the Netherlands," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    9. Agnieszka Szczepańska, 2021. "Transport Accessibility in a Suburban Zone and Its Influence on the Local Real Estate Market: A Case Study of the Olsztyn Functional Urban Area (Poland)," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-17, April.
    10. Chowdhury, Tufayel & Scott, Darren M., 2020. "An analysis of the built environment and auto travel in Halifax, Canada," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 23-33.
    11. Long Zhou & Guoqiang Shen & Yao Wu & Robert Brown & Tian Chen & Chenyu Wang, 2018. "Urban Form, Growth, and Accessibility in Space and Time: Anatomy of Land Use at the Parcel-Level in a Small to Medium-Sized American City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-24, December.
    12. Enhui Chen & Zhirui Ye & Hui Bi, 2019. "Incorporating Smart Card Data in Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Metro Travel Distances," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-22, December.
    13. Jonas De Vos & Long Cheng & Frank Witlox, 2021. "Do changes in the residential location lead to changes in travel attitudes? A structural equation modeling approach," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 2011-2034, August.
    14. Aditjandra, Paulus Teguh & Mulley, Corinne & Nelson, John D., 2013. "The influence of neighbourhood design on travel behaviour: Empirical evidence from North East England," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 54-65.
    15. Yuxin Liu & Chenjing Fan & Dongdong Xue, 2024. "A Review of the Effects of Urban and Green Space Forms on the Carbon Budget Using a Landscape Sustainability Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-29, February.
    16. M. Manoj & Ashish Verma, 2017. "A structural equation model based analysis of non-workers’ activity-travel behaviour from a city of a developing country," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 241-269, March.
    17. Scheiner, Joachim, 2020. "Changes in travel mode use over the life course with partner interactions in couple households," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 791-807.
    18. Ying Huang & Yongli Zhang & Feifan Deng & Daiqing Zhao & Rong Wu, 2022. "Impacts of Built-Environment on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Traffic: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-17, December.

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