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The effect of emission permit allocation in an early-stage cap-and-trade for a duopoly market

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  • Yanfang Zheng
  • Wenhui Zhou
  • Xi Chen
  • Weixiang Huang

Abstract

Cap-and-trade systems, or emission trading systems (ETS), are increasingly adopted by countries and regions to provide economic incentives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of existing ETS are early-stage systems implemented in and after 2013. These early-stage ETS are typically characterised by a focus on few industry sectors, and the employment of free emission allocation schemes including grandfathering and benchmarking. In this paper, we investigate the impact of emission allocation schemes in an early-stage cap-and-trade system in a duopoly market. We show that benchmarking scheme may lead the energy-efficient firm to reserve part of its emission permits, while firms always use up their after-trading permits under grandfathering. We also find that a more stringent emission cap may increase firms' profits rather than decreasing them under both allocation schemes, suggesting a possible cause for windfall profits observed in early-stage ETS. Benchmarking is found to lead to lower emissions compared to those under grandfathering, while it may result in higher or lower firm profits, consumer surplus, and the overall social welfare. Furthermore, under either allocation scheme, allowing emission trading does not affect the total emissions, while it can increase firm profits and consumer surplus and therefore the overall social welfare.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanfang Zheng & Wenhui Zhou & Xi Chen & Weixiang Huang, 2021. "The effect of emission permit allocation in an early-stage cap-and-trade for a duopoly market," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 59(3), pages 909-925, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:tprsxx:v:59:y:2021:i:3:p:909-925
    DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2020.1711986
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Naiqi Liu & Wansheng Tang & Yanfei Lan & Huili Pei, 2024. "Pricing and carbon reduction decisions for a new uncertain dual-channel supply chain under cap-and-trade regulation," Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 415-448, September.
    2. Feng, Huchen & Hu, Yu-Jie & Li, Chengjiang & Wang, Honglei, 2023. "Rolling horizon optimisation strategy and initial carbon allowance allocation model to reduce carbon emissions in the power industry: Case of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    3. Fang Dong & Chengdong Shi & Weitong Yu, 2022. "Coordinated Decision-Making in Embedded Supply Chain from a Sustainable Development Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Huang, Shangjiu & Lu, Hao & Chen, Maozhi & Zhao, Wenjun, 2023. "Integrated energy system scheduling considering the correlation of uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    5. Guanxuan Su & Benhe Gao, 2024. "The Effect of Carbon Quota Policy on Environmental Sustainability of Power Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-18, July.
    6. Zheng, Xiao-Xue & Zhang, Shiyuan & Jia, Fu & Lin, Xiao, 2024. "A new biform game-based coordination mechanism for a carbon complementary supply chain under hybrid carbon regulations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    7. Zhang, Xuefeng & Li, Zhe & Li, Guo, 2024. "Grandfather-based or benchmark-based: Strategy choice for carbon quota allocation methods in the carbon neutrality era," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    8. Fu, Ke & Li, Yanzhi & Mao, Huiqiang & Miao, Zhaowei, 2023. "Firms’ production and green technology strategies: The role of emission asymmetry and carbon taxes," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 305(3), pages 1100-1112.

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