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An exact algorithm for the electric-vehicle routing problem with nonlinear charging time

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  • Chungmok Lee

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the Electric-Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) with nonlinear charging time. Due to their limited travel ranges, electric vehicles have to be recharged (possibly multiple times) at specific recharging points, which incurs a routing problem for which the recharging constraint and time have to be addressed. It is well-known that the recharging of the battery of EVs takes considerable time, so it cannot be ignored. Moreover, the recharging time required to travel a given distance is highly nonlinear due to the battery charging mechanism. The goal of this study is to develop an algorithm that minimizes the total travel and charging times without approximation of the charging time function. Our solution approach is based on the segmentation of the vehicle tour. We then construct an extended charging stations network where any path in this network is also a tour in the original network. We develop the branch-and-price method on the extended charging station network to solve the problem to optimality. An extensive computational study on well-known benchmark problems confirms that the proposed approach can solve moderate-sized problems to the optimality.

Suggested Citation

  • Chungmok Lee, 2021. "An exact algorithm for the electric-vehicle routing problem with nonlinear charging time," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 72(7), pages 1461-1485, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:tjorxx:v:72:y:2021:i:7:p:1461-1485
    DOI: 10.1080/01605682.2020.1730250
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    Cited by:

    1. Virginia Casella & Daniel Fernandez Valderrama & Giulio Ferro & Riccardo Minciardi & Massimo Paolucci & Luca Parodi & Michela Robba, 2022. "Towards the Integration of Sustainable Transportation and Smart Grids: A Review on Electric Vehicles’ Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Wang, Weiquan & Zhao, Jingyi, 2023. "Partial linear recharging strategy for the electric fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows and recharging stations," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 308(2), pages 929-948.
    3. Zhang, Li & Liu, Zhongshan & Yu, Bin & Long, Jiancheng, 2024. "A ridesharing routing problem for airport riders with electric vehicles," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    4. Xuya Zhang & Yue Wang & Dongqing Zhang, 2024. "Location-Routing Optimization for Two-Echelon Cold Chain Logistics of Front Warehouses Based on a Hybrid Ant Colony Algorithm," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-22, June.
    5. Vichitkunakorn, Panupong & Emde, Simon & Masae, Makusee & Glock, Christoph H. & Grosse, Eric H., 2024. "Locating charging stations and routing drones for efficient automated stocktaking," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 316(3), pages 1129-1145.
    6. Wei Xu & Chenghao Zhang & Ming Cheng & Yucheng Huang, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery: Mathematical Modeling and Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search Heuristic Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-25, December.
    7. Leandro do C. Martins & Rafael D. Tordecilla & Juliana Castaneda & Angel A. Juan & Javier Faulin, 2021. "Electric Vehicle Routing, Arc Routing, and Team Orienteering Problems in Sustainable Transportation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-30, August.
    8. Nan Ding & Jingshuai Yang & Zhibin Han & Jianming Hao, 2022. "Electric-Vehicle Routing Planning Based on the Law of Electric Energy Consumption," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(17), pages 1-27, August.
    9. Tang, Mengcheng & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Bingbing & Liu, Haoji & Song, Ziyou & Yin, Guodong, 2023. "Energy-optimal routing for electric vehicles using deep reinforcement learning with transformer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    10. Tengkuo Zhu & Stephen D. Boyles & Avinash Unnikrishnan, 2024. "Battery Electric Vehicle Traveling Salesman Problem with Drone," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 49-97, March.
    11. Hongwen Han & Luxian Chen & Sitong Fang & Yang Liu, 2023. "The Routing Problem for Electric Truck with Partial Nonlinear Charging and Battery Swapping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-29, September.
    12. Daqing Wu & Jiyu Li & Jiye Cui & Dong Hu, 2023. "Research on the Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem for Fresh Agricultural Products Based on Customer Value," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-23, March.
    13. Nandan Gopinathan & Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam, 2022. "Energy Anxiety in Decentralized Electricity Markets: A Critical Review on EV Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-40, July.
    14. Osman Atilla Yazır & Çağrı Koç & Eda Yücel, 2023. "The multi-period home healthcare routing and scheduling problem with electric vehicles," OR Spectrum: Quantitative Approaches in Management, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research e.V., vol. 45(3), pages 853-901, September.

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