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The relationship between CO2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation in the Southern Common Market

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  • Matheus Koengkan
  • José Alberto Fuinhas
  • Renato Santiago

Abstract

The causalities between carbon dioxide emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation were examined for the panel of five countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela) from Southern Common Market, over thirty-five years (1980–2014), using a panel vector autoregression. The empirical analysis pointed to the existence of bi-directional causality between the consumption of fossil fuels, economic growth, consumption of renewable energy, and carbon dioxide emissions; and a uni-directional relationship between the consumption of renewable energy and urbanisation. The research also proves that the countries from Southern Common Market are dependent on fossil fuels consumption and that urbanisation process is highly linked with the consumption of this type of energy. Additionally, it was found that these countries have low renewable energy participation in their energy mix. Nevertheless, a substitutability effect between the consumption of renewable energy and the consumption of fossil fuels, as a possible response to periods of scarcity in reservoirs, was detected. Policymakers of Southern Common Market countries should speed up the deep reforms regarding renewable energy to mitigate environmental degradation.

Suggested Citation

  • Matheus Koengkan & José Alberto Fuinhas & Renato Santiago, 2020. "The relationship between CO2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation in the Southern Common Market," Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(4), pages 383-401, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:383-401
    DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1702902
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    16. Rabie Said & Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti & Ahmed Imran Hunjra, 2022. "Toward Understanding Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development in Developing and Developed Economies: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-12, July.
    17. UÄŸur UrsavaÅŸ & Veli Yilanci, 2023. "Convergence analysis of ecological footprint at different time scales: Evidence from Southern Common Market countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(2), pages 429-442, March.
    18. Taner Güney & Duygu İnce, 2024. "Solar Energy and CO2 Emissions: CCEMG Estimations for 26 Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 2383-2400, March.
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    20. Aristophane Djeufack Dongmo & Paloma Mbengono Coralie & Manuela Chetue Komguep & Ulrich Kembeng Tchinda, 2023. "Urbanization, informal economy, economic growth and CO2 emissions in African countries: a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model approach," Journal of Bioeconomics, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 35-63, April.
    21. Yugang He & Panpan Huang, 2022. "Exploring the Forms of the Economic Effects of Renewable Energy Consumption: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.
    22. Mei Zhang & Kazeem Bello Ajide & Lanre Ibrahim Ridwan, 2022. "Heterogeneous dynamic impacts of nonrenewable energy, resource rents, technology, human capital, and population on environmental quality in Sub-Saharan African countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(10), pages 11817-11851, October.

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