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The Feasibility of Single-Item Measures in Sport Loyalty Research

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  • Hyungil Kwon
  • Galen Trail

Abstract

Researchers in disciplines other than sport have attempted to make a case for single-item measures of cognitive and affective dimensions in instances when simplicity, brevity, or global measurement is of paramount importance. This study compared and contrasted two separate multiple-item measures to two single-item measures referent to two specified constructs: (1) affective commitment to a team, represented by the Psychological Commitment to Team scale, and (2) team identification represented by the Team Identification Index. Data were collected from 146 college students (72 men and 74 women) at a large American university. It was determined that multiple-item scales had the advantage of breadth of measurement and scale, and that single-item scales had the advantage of simplicity and brevity or ease of use. The study also examined one of the greatest criticisms of single-item measures and one of the greatest advantages of the multiple-item scales: reliability and concurrent validity. The Team Identification Index had better reliability (0.92 vs. 0.83) but explained less variance in behavioural items than its referent single-item measure. The Psychological Commitment to Team had better reliability (0.96 vs. 0.90) and explained more variance than its referent single-item measure. In general, all single-item measures should be tested before use and only used in certain circumstances. Specifically for the Team Identification Index and the Psychological Commitment to Team scale, sport marketers may be able to use the referent single-item measures in certain situations.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyungil Kwon & Galen Trail, 2005. "The Feasibility of Single-Item Measures in Sport Loyalty Research," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(1), pages 69-89, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rsmrxx:v:8:y:2005:i:1:p:69-89
    DOI: 10.1016/S1441-3523(05)70033-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Gao, Yanan & Rasouli, Soora & Timmermans, Harry & Wang, Yuanqing, 2018. "Trip stage satisfaction of public transport users: A reference-based model incorporating trip attributes, perceived service quality, psychological disposition and difference tolerance," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 759-775.
    2. Pan, Mengyang & Hill, James & Blount, Ian & Rungtusanatham, Manus, 2022. "Relationship building and minority business growth: Does participating in activities sponsored by institutional intermediaries help?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 830-843.
    3. Sarstedt, Marko & Diamantopoulos, Adamantios & Salzberger, Thomas, 2016. "Should we use single items? Better not," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 3199-3203.
    4. Sarstedt, Marko & Diamantopoulos, Adamantios & Salzberger, Thomas & Baumgartner, Petra, 2016. "Selecting single items to measure doubly concrete constructs: A cautionary tale," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 3159-3167.
    5. Anand Nair & Cigdem Ataseven & Marco Habermann & David Dreyfus, 2016. "Toward a continuum of measurement scales in Just-in-Time (JIT) research – an examination of the predictive validity of single-item and multiple-item measures," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 35-48, June.

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