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The changing relationship between socio-economic background and family formation in four European countries

Author

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  • Jarl E. Mooyaart
  • Aart C. Liefbroer
  • Francesco C. Billari

Abstract

Family formation, a process that includes union formation, fertility, and their timing and order, has become increasingly diverse and complex in Europe. We examine how the relationship between socio-economic background and family formation has changed over time in France, Italy, Romania, and Sweden, using first wave Generations and Gender Survey data. Competing Trajectories Analysis, a procedure which combines event-history analysis with sequence analysis, allows us to examine family formation as a process, capturing differences in both the timing of the start of family formation and the pathways that young adults follow. Regarding timing, socio-economic background differences in France and Sweden have remained relatively small, whereas in Italy and Romania higher parental education has become more strongly associated with postponement. Pathways tend to diverge by socio-economic background, particularly in Sweden and France. These results indicate that while family formation patterns have changed, they continue to be stratified by socio-economic background.

Suggested Citation

  • Jarl E. Mooyaart & Aart C. Liefbroer & Francesco C. Billari, 2022. "The changing relationship between socio-economic background and family formation in four European countries," Population Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 76(2), pages 235-251, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:235-251
    DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1901969
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    Cited by:

    1. Valeria Ferraretto & Nicole Hiekel & Agnese Vitali, 2024. "Do his or her economic characteristics matter? A couple-level perspective on the transition to living together in Germany," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2024-020, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    2. Martin Kreidl & Zuzana Žilinčíková, 2023. "Adult children’s union type and contact with mothers: A replication," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 48(23), pages 641-680.

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