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Parity disparity: Educational differences in Nordic fertility across parities and number of reproductive partners

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  • Marika Jalovaara
  • Linus Andersson
  • Anneli Miettinen

Abstract

Most research on trends in socio-economic fertility differences has focused on cohort total fertility and on women. This study aimed to analyse how cohort trends in parity-specific fertility differ across educational segments for men and women and what role multi-partner fertility plays in these trends. We used Finnish and Swedish register data on cohorts born in 1940–73/78. The main analyses used parity progression ratios, comparing ordinary ratios with similar ratios using births to first reproductive partners only. Among the low and medium educated, we observe strengthening parity polarization across cohorts, with increases in both childlessness and births of order three or higher, the latter largely reflecting increases in multi-partner fertility. Highly educated men and women more often have exactly two children. We demonstrate that cohort total fertility can mask significant parity-specific trends across educational groups and that changes in multi-partner fertility can play a part in cohort trends in socio-economic fertility differentials.

Suggested Citation

  • Marika Jalovaara & Linus Andersson & Anneli Miettinen, 2022. "Parity disparity: Educational differences in Nordic fertility across parities and number of reproductive partners," Population Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 76(1), pages 119-136, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:119-136
    DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1887506
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    Cited by:

    1. Sebastian Stannard & Ann Berrington & Nisreen A. Alwan, 2024. "Educational Gradient of Multi-partner Fertility: First Estimates for the UK," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 40(1), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Aoxing Liu & Evelina T. Akimova & Xuejie Ding & Sakari Jukarainen & Pekka Vartiainen & Tuomo Kiiskinen & Sara Koskelainen & Aki S. Havulinna & Mika Gissler & Stefano Lombardi & Tove Fall & Melinda C. , 2024. "Evidence from Finland and Sweden on the relationship between early-life diseases and lifetime childlessness in men and women," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 8(2), pages 276-287, February.
    3. Marika Jalovaara & Linus Andersson, 2023. "A register-based account of period trends in union prevalence, entries, and exits by educational level for men and women in Finland," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 48(14), pages 373-386.
    4. Henrik-Alexander Schubert & Vegard Skirbekk & Jessica Nisén, 2024. "Secularization and low fertility: how declining church membership changes couples and their childbearing," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2024-040, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    5. Linus Andersson, 2023. "The Role of Gender Differences in Partnering and Re-partnering for Gender Differences in Completed Fertility," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 42(2), pages 1-28, April.

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