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The relationship between tourism and economic growth in the EU-28. Is there a tendency towards convergence?

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  • Alina-Petronela Haller
  • Gina Ionela Butnaru
  • Georgia-Daniela Tacu Hârșan
  • Mirela Ştefănică

Abstract

Tourism significantly increased in the EU-28 in recent years. In the present study, the 28 member states were analysed for the period between 2012 and 2018, depending on data availability. The authors tested empirically whether economic convergence took place from the perspective of three types of revenue from the tourism sector. The contribution of tourism revenue to economic growth varied across different countries. The analysis of β and σ-convergence showed a low-intensity and slow process based on the revenues generated by accommodation, transport, and restaurant and coffee shop services. Contrary to expectations, the factors analysed did not strongly support the EU-28 tourism sector convergence. We argue the existence of a positive and direct relationship between tourism and economic growth. The convergence did exist but its pace was sometimes slow and of low intensity, preceded by periods of divergence. The three types of services generated tourism revenue but not decisively. The paper complements the literature using indicators that strictly describe the tourism sector and brings into focus findings that contradict those from other studies. Our conclusion is that convergence was not accelerated, but slow and it was not determined by tourism factors but by related ones.

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  • Alina-Petronela Haller & Gina Ionela Butnaru & Georgia-Daniela Tacu Hârșan & Mirela Ştefănică, 2021. "The relationship between tourism and economic growth in the EU-28. Is there a tendency towards convergence?," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(1), pages 1121-1145, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:reroxx:v:34:y:2021:i:1:p:1121-1145
    DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2020.1819852
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    Cited by:

    1. Gavurova, Beata & Skare, Marinko & Belas, Jaroslav & Rigelsky, Martin & Ivankova, Viera, 2023. "The relationship between destination image and destination safety during technological and social changes COVID-19 pandemic," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    2. Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh & Iram Mushtaq & Asad Abbas & Sana Sultan, 2024. "Convergence Hypothesis and Economic Growth in ECO Countries: An Insight from MM-QR Approach," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(1), pages 89-104.
    3. Uktam Umurzakov & Shakhnoza Tosheva & Raufhon Salahodjaev, 2023. "Tourism and Sustainable Economic Development: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(1), pages 503-516, March.
    4. Astike Kristina & Borges Ana Pinto & Skvarciany Viktorija & Vieira Elvira, 2024. "Do Cultural Activities and Happiness Matter to the Tourism Sector?," Economics and Culture, Sciendo, vol. 21(1), pages 93-104.
    5. Lungu Adrian, 2024. "Analysis of Economic Convergence in the European Union," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 18(1), pages 405-423.
    6. Ghialy Yap & Shrabani Saha & Nelson O Ndubisi & Saif S Alsowaidi & Ali S Saleh, 2023. "Can tourism market diversification mitigate the adverse effects of a blockade on tourism? Evidence from Qatar," Tourism Economics, , vol. 29(4), pages 880-905, June.

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