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Lexical richness in Lithuanian beginner learners’ spoken and written language: a focus on production

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  • Jūratė Ruzaitė
  • Eglė Krivickaitė-Leišienė

Abstract

The present research explores the productive vocabulary that beginner learners of Lithuanian as a foreign language use when speaking and writing. This study is based on the newly developed Lithuanian Learner Corpus (LLC) and uses its subcorpus of beginner texts (103,148 tokens). It measures lexical richness in Lithuanian learner language (LLL) by examining lexical variation, distribution of lexical word classes, lexical errors, and formulaic language in spoken and written language. The results show that beginner learners of Lithuanian use minimal lexical resources, and lexis used for pragmatic purposes is scarcely employed in either mode.

Suggested Citation

  • Jūratė Ruzaitė & Eglė Krivickaitė-Leišienė, 2025. "Lexical richness in Lithuanian beginner learners’ spoken and written language: a focus on production," Journal of Baltic Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(1), pages 85-107, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rbalxx:v:56:y:2025:i:1:p:85-107
    DOI: 10.1080/01629778.2024.2371450
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