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Objective Formalization, Perceived Formalization and Perceived Red Tape

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  • Wesley Kaufmann
  • Mary K. Feeney

Abstract

This research uses survey data and count data of formal rules in a Dutch organization to investigate the relationships between an objective measure of formalization and subjective measures of formalization and red tape. We find that red tape perceptions are related to perceptions of formalization. Second, we find that perceived formalization is weakly, significantly related to objective measures of formalization but that objective formalization measures do not correspond to higher levels of red tape perceptions. We conclude that red tape and formalization are distinct concepts, but question the claim that formalization is a necessary condition for red tape.

Suggested Citation

  • Wesley Kaufmann & Mary K. Feeney, 2012. "Objective Formalization, Perceived Formalization and Perceived Red Tape," Public Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(8), pages 1195-1214, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:pubmgr:v:14:y:2012:i:8:p:1195-1214
    DOI: 10.1080/14719037.2012.662447
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    Cited by:

    1. Donavon Johnson & Alexander Kroll, 2021. "What makes us tolerant of administrative burden? Race, representation, and identity," Journal of Behavioral Public Administration, Center for Experimental and Behavioral Public Administration, vol. 4(1).
    2. Madsen, Jonas Krogh & Mikkelsen, Kim Sass & Moynihan, Donald, 2020. "Burdens, Sludge, Ordeals, Red Tape, Oh My! A User’s Guide to the Study of Frictions," SocArXiv qfykb, Center for Open Science.

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