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Impact of firm characteristics and ownership structure on firm efficiency: evidence from non-financial firms of Pakistan

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  • Shafaat Muhammad Habib
  • Haroon Hussain
  • Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan
  • Rana Yassir Hussain

Abstract

This study aims to examine the impact of firm characteristics and ownership structure on the firm efficiency of listed non-financial firms in Pakistan from 2012 to 2017. Firm characteristics include market capitalization, cash holdings, book-to-market ratio and negative book-to-market ratio and ownership structure includes insider ownership, institutional ownership and concentration ownership while controlling for firm size, profitability, leverage and age. Data related to firm efficiency, cash holdings, book-to-market ratio and negative book-to-market ratio was collected from Financial Statement Analysis published by SBP whereas data related to market capitalization and ownership structure (insider ownership, institutional ownership and concentration ownership) was collected from business recorder and published annual reports respectively. At first stage the firm efficiency is reported by using DEA CRS approach and results show that the year 2014 was the best year because 24% firms were efficient and 2015 was the worst because only 18% firms were efficient. The results also show that textile, sugar, food, manufacturing, chemical & pharmaceuticals, cement, motor vehicle, information communication & transportation are the poor performing sectors of Pakistan. This inefficiency might be due to the inefficient use of resources as agency theory advocates. Then at second stage, the correlation and variance inflation factor did not show any multicollinearity. Tobit model is used to find the regression results. The regression results show that market capitalization, cash holdings and concentration ownership positively and significantly influence the firm efficiency. Negative book-to-market ratio, insider ownership and institutional ownership negatively and significantly influence the firm efficiency whereas the book-to-market ratio is insignificant with the firm efficiency. It might be due to the self-interest by the insider and institutional ownership. This study is also helpful for the investors. They can choose the efficient firm for investment and to avoid the inefficient firms to stay away from the losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Shafaat Muhammad Habib & Haroon Hussain & Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan & Rana Yassir Hussain, 2022. "Impact of firm characteristics and ownership structure on firm efficiency: evidence from non-financial firms of Pakistan," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 2106628-210, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:oaefxx:v:10:y:2022:i:1:p:2106628
    DOI: 10.1080/23322039.2022.2106628
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    Cited by:

    1. Chaeho Chase Lee & Erdal Atukeren & Hohyun Kim, 2024. "Knowledge Capital and Stock Returns during Crises in the Manufacturing Sector: Moderating Role of Market Share, Tobin’s Q, and Cash Holdings," Risks, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-23, June.
    2. Hussain Rana Yassir & Xuezhou Wen & Hussain Haroon & Ahmad Ilyas & Irshad Hira & Malik Muhammad Yasir Hayat, 2024. "Firm Attributes and Government External Debt as Determinants of Corporate Short Debt Maturity in a Post-CPEC Scenario," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 27(1), pages 137-154.
    3. Panduru Dan Andrei & Simion Petronela Cristina & Ioanid Alexandra, 2024. "Measuring Operational Efficiency: A Functional Analysis of Core and Non-Core Activities in a Leading Romanian Oil and Gas Retail Company," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 18(1), pages 1335-1347.
    4. Mohamad Azwan Md Isa & Norashikin Ismail & Mohd Halim Kadri, 2024. "Sustainability Performance and Corporate Financial Stability of Shariah-Compliant Companies in Malaysia: The Moderating Effects of Ownership Concentration," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(14), pages 28-46, October.

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