A holistic success model for sustainable e-learning based on the stakeholder approach: Case of Vietnamese students during the COVID-19 pandemic

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted traditional ways of learning and teaching, leading to a significant shift toward e-learning. This shift has resulted in the emergence of new challenges and opportunities for stakeholders involved in the education sector. To ensure the continuity of education and overcome the challenges faced by e-learning, a holistic success model that considers all stakeholders’ needs and perspectives is required. Therefore, this paper proposes a holistic success model for sustainable e-learning based on the stakeholder approach during the COVID-19 pandemic. The model aims to provide a comprehensive framework for ensuring the success of e-learning initiatives by addressing the concerns of all stakeholders, including students, teachers, institutions, and service providers. Drawing upon the Information System Success Model and as the foundation for hypothesis formulation, the research employs structural equation modelling to analyze the collected data from 321 Vietnamese undergraduate students. The findings reveal that instructor quality, course content quality, education system quality, technical system quality, and self-regulated learning all have significant positive influences on learner satisfaction. The results demonstrate that increased satisfaction substantially contributes to improved learning outcomes. The proposed model is expected to contribute to developing sustainable e-learning practices that can withstand the challenges posed by the pandemic and ensure the continuity of education.