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RETRACTED ARTICLE: The probable error in the hypothesis test of normal means using a small sample

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We, the Author, the Editors and Publishers of Communications in Statistics – Theory and Methods, have retracted the following article:Sungsu Kim (2019) The probable error in the hypothesis test of normal means using a small sample, Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2019.1703135The author has requested to retract this article due to the research presented being invalid. In the article, K1 in (2) is one to one function of the usual tn−1 as shown below. Hence, the tests based on K1 and tn−1 are the same.K1=n(x¯−μ0)(∑(xi−μ0)2n)12;tn−1=n(x¯−μ0)(∑(xi−x¯)2n−1)12; K1=tn−1nn−1+tn−12.Likewise, for the two-sample test, K2 in (4) is one to one function of the usual tn1+n2−2. Hence, the tests based on K2 and tn1+n2−2 are the same.K2=n1+n2(x¯1−x¯2)(∑(x1i−x¯)2+∑(x2i−x¯)2n1+n2−1)12;tn1+n2−2=n1+n2(x¯1−x¯2)(∑(x1i−x¯1)2+∑(x2i−x¯2)2n1+n2−2)12;K2=tn1+n2−2n1+n2−1n1+n2−2+tn1+n2−22.There were code-mistakes in obtaining the results in Tables 1–3.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted.”

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  • The Editors, 2021. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: The probable error in the hypothesis test of normal means using a small sample," Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(1), pages (), January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:lstaxx:v:50:y:2021:i:1:p:(i)-(vi)
    DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2019.1703135
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