Modelling the effects of a large-scale safety culture programme: a combined qualitative and quantitative approach

In many industries it has become common to implement safety programmes aimed at improving safety behaviour and culture; however, in general little research has been conducted to understand the dynamics and causality of such programmes. This study sought to explore the effects of a large-scale safety programme implemented by a Norwegian petroleum company using a combined methodological approach; results from qualitative interviews and fieldworks were used to develop a hypothetical structural model tested on questionnaire data ( n = 1221) using structural equation modelling (SEM). Five theoretical concepts were validated before they were included in a hypothetical structural model: (1) participation in a two-day kickoff; (2) personal programme commitment; (3) effectiveness of programme implementation; (4) safety behaviour change; and (5) safety culture change. SEM indicated that the suggested structural model fitted the data, but two of the hypothesised structures were not significantly supported. Based on this, a modified version of the model was developed and estimated, resulting in a more robust model in which all hypothesised influences were supported. Results are discussed in light of the qualitative and quantitative results, programme characteristics, and previous research. This study demonstrates the significance of developing worker commitment to programme implementation and the importance of a comprehensive implementation of programme activities to increase the likelihood of cultural and behavioural effects concerning safety.