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Gender diversity and financial performance: evidence from US REITs

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  • Liesa Schrand
  • Claudia Ascherl
  • Wolfgang Schaefers

Abstract

Our paper is the first to identify the determinants which explain the presence of women on the board of directors and to study the relationship between gender diversity and financial performance in a US REIT context. We apply a two-stage Heckman approach to a unique panel dataset of 112 US Equity REITs over the period 2005–2015. Our results show that a REIT’s likelihood of having a woman on the board of directors depends strongly on board attributes. Especially institutional investors support gender-diverse leadership teams, which might be driven by the perception that women contribute to an enhanced internal monitoring in the REIT context, in which external monitoring is weakened through ownership restrictions. We find evidence of a U-shaped relationship between gender diversity in executive positions and price per net asset value (PRICE/NAV). In the case of REITs, a critical mass of female executives is reached at approximately 30% representation. This finding holds especially for real estate sectors with a strong consumer orientation and a high proportion of women in the workforce, such as retail and healthcare. Our performance analysis demonstrates that gender diversity has a positive effect on market performance (PRICE/NAV), but not on operating performance (FFO/SHARE).

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  • Liesa Schrand & Claudia Ascherl & Wolfgang Schaefers, 2018. "Gender diversity and financial performance: evidence from US REITs," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(4), pages 296-320, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jpropr:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:296-320
    DOI: 10.1080/09599916.2018.1549587
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    Cited by:

    1. Fernando, Guy D. & Schneible, Richard A. & Zhang, Wei, 2024. "Institutional ownership and women in the top management team," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    2. Douglas Cumming & Xiaohu Guo & Lukai Yang, 2024. "REITs board gender diversity: the spillover effect of the Big Three campaign," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 48(3), pages 889-923, September.
    3. Murat Ocak & Derya Fındık, 2019. "The Impact of Intangible Assets and Sub-Components of Intangible Assets on Sustainable Growth and Firm Value: Evidence from Turkish Listed Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-23, September.
    4. Mustafa Kemal Yilmaz & Ali Osman Kusakci & Ekrem Tatoglu & Orkun Icten & Feyzullah Yetgin, 2019. "Performance Evaluation of Real Estate Investment Trusts using a Hybridized Interval Type-2 Fuzzy AHP-DEA Approach: The Case of Borsa Istanbul," International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making (IJITDM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 18(06), pages 1785-1820, November.
    5. Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Ahmad, Nasir & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2022. "Dependence dynamics of US REITs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    6. Tanasuica Coralia, 2023. "Does Board Gender Diversity Really Improve Financial Performance and Default Risk? Evidence from Romanian Companies Engaged in International Trade," Journal of Social and Economic Statistics, Sciendo, vol. 12(1), pages 84-107, July.

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