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The Uruguay Round and air pollution: estimating the composition, scale and technique effects of trade liberalization

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  • Matthew Cole
  • Anthony Rayner

Abstract

This paper develops a methodology to estimate the environmental impact of the Uruguay Round trade agreement. The impact is estimated in terms of five air pollutants for both developed and developing countries/regions. The methodology estimates environmental Kuznets curves and uses these in conjunction with FranCois et al.'s (1995) estimates of Uruguay Round income gains and sectoral production changes, together with sectoral pollution intensities from Hettige et al. (1994). In this manner, composition, scale and technique effects of the Uruguay Round on air pollution are estimated. The monetary cost/benefit associated with the pollution changes is also estimated. Results indicate that emissions of all five pollutants are predicted to increase in developing and transition regions as a result of the Uruguay Round, whilst in developed regions emissions of three pollutants decrease and two increase. The results also suggest that the environmental impact will be considerably greater if the Uruguay Round affects the rate of economic growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthew Cole & Anthony Rayner, 2001. "The Uruguay Round and air pollution: estimating the composition, scale and technique effects of trade liberalization," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(3), pages 339-354.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jitecd:v:9:y:2001:i:3:p:339-354
    DOI: 10.1080/09638190050086186
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ingo Walter, 1974. "Pollution and protection: U. S. environmental controls as competitive distortions," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 110(1), pages 104-113, March.
    2. repec:wbk:wbrwps:1025 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. World Bank, 1994. "Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries 1994," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 32389.
    4. Anne O. Krueger, 1978. "Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Liberalization Attempts and Consequences," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number krue78-1, June.
    5. Jong-Wha Lee, 1993. "International Trade, Distortions, and Long-Run Economic Growth," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 40(2), pages 299-328, June.
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