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Time and frequency domain causality Testing: The causal linkage between FDI and economic risk for the case of Turkey

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  • Korhan Gokmenoglu
  • Dervis Kirikkaleli
  • Baris Memduh Eren

Abstract

This study aims to explore the causal relationship between economic risk and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows for the case of Turkey. With the aim of establishing robust findings for the research in mind, both traditional and modern causality techniques are utilized; time domain Granger (1969, “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods.” Econometrica 37: 424–438.), Toda and Yamamoto (1995, “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes.” Journal of Econometrics 66 (1–2): 225–250.), Fourier Toda-Yamamoto and frequency domain Breitung and Candelon (2006, “Testing for short- and long-run causality: A frequency-domain approach.” Journal of Econometrics 132 (2): 363–378.) spectral causality test. Our empirical findings reveal that; economic risk changes in Turkey significantly lead to changes in FDI inflows. However, there is no evidence of causality running from FDI to economic risk. The findings imply that economic risk is an essential determinant of FDI inflows in Turkey. Our findings are compatible with historical macroeconomic developments in Turkey and imply important policy implications. The results of this study can be generalized for other emerging economies that have similar macroeconomic environments, in order to create useful policy implications regarding FDI inflow.

Suggested Citation

  • Korhan Gokmenoglu & Dervis Kirikkaleli & Baris Memduh Eren, 2019. "Time and frequency domain causality Testing: The causal linkage between FDI and economic risk for the case of Turkey," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(6), pages 649-667, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jitecd:v:28:y:2019:i:6:p:649-667
    DOI: 10.1080/09638199.2018.1561745
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    1. Oryani, Bahareh & Kamyab, Hesam & Mоridiаn, Аli & Azizi, Zahra & Rezania, Shahabaldin & Chelliapan, Shreeshivadasan, 2022. "Does structural change boost the energy demand in a fossil fuel-driven economy? New evidence from Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
    2. DerviÅŸ Kirikkaleli & Mustafa Tevfik Kartal & Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, 2022. "Time And Frequency Dependency Of Foreign Exchange Rates And Country Risk:Evidence From Turkey," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 25(1), pages 37-54, June.
    3. Qazi, Abroon & Simsekler, Mecit Can Emre, 2023. "Nexus between drivers of COVID-19 and country risks," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    4. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Kelvin Onyibor & Gbenga Daniel Akinsola, 2021. "The impact of major macroeconomic variables on foreign direct investment in Nigeria: evidence from a wavelet coherence technique," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(1), pages 1-24, January.
    5. Ma, Qiang & Khan, Zeeshan & Chen, Fuzhong & Murshed, Muntasir & Siqun, Yang & Kirikkaleli, Dervis, 2023. "Revisiting the nexus between house pricing and money demand: Power spectrum and wavelet coherence based approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 266-274.
    6. Li Jingjing & Tang Ling & Li Ling, 2020. "The Co-Movements Between Crude Oil Price and Internet Concerns: Causality Analysis in the Frequency Domain," Journal of Systems Science and Information, De Gruyter, vol. 8(3), pages 224-239, June.
    7. Wu Huilan & Seyi Saint Akadiri & Ilham Haouas & Abraham Ayobamiji Awosusi & Ada Tony Odu, 2024. "Impact of trade liberalization and renewable energy on load capacity factor: Evidence from novel dual adjustment approach," Energy & Environment, , vol. 35(2), pages 795-814, March.
    8. YAĞAR EGİLMEZ, Funda, 2020. "The Long-Run Relationship Between Airline Transport, Export Volume And Economic Growth: Evidence From Usa," Academic Review of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, vol. 3(2), pages 466-482.
    9. Kilinc-Ata, Nurcan & Proskuryakova, Liliana N., 2023. "Empirical analysis of the Russian power industry's transition to sustainability," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    10. Zeeshan Khan & Muhsin Ali & Dervis Kirikkaleli & Salman Wahab & Zhilun Jiao, 2020. "The impact of technological innovation and public‐private partnership investment on sustainable environment in China: Consumption‐based carbon emissions analysis," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 1317-1330, September.
    11. Dongao Li & Songdong Shen, 2022. "Social Environment and Healthy Investment Behavior: Joint Influence of Culture and Institution on China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, January.
    12. Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday, 2021. "Testing the EKC Hypothesis in Indonesia: Empirical Evidence from the ARDL-Based Bounds and Wavelet Coherence Approaches," Asian Journal of Applied Economics, Kasetsart University, Center for Applied Economics Research, vol. 28(1).
    13. Dervis Kirikkaleli & Andrew Adewale Alola, 2023. "The regime switching evidence of financial-economic-political risk in Turkey," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 3747-3762, August.

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