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Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for water footprint indicator: a cross-sectional study

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  • Maamar Sebri

Abstract

The water footprint analysis has become a rapidly growing field of research although little attention has been paid to its relationship with economic growth. Using the available cross-section data, this study examines how the per capita water footprint varies as a function of per capita income within the environmental Kuznets curve framework at both aggregated and disaggregated level of water footprint. In addition, the issue of omitted variables is investigated by incorporating a number of control variables. Estimation results show no evidence in favour of an inverted-U environmental Kuznets curve, but they yield, in most cases, an evolution into an N-shaped relationship. This means that water footprint rises in the beginning with incomes, then falls as nations grow wealthier to rise again at very high income levels. This calls into question the traditional economic view of income growth sustainability as it applies to water.

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  • Maamar Sebri, 2016. "Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for water footprint indicator: a cross-sectional study," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 59(11), pages 1933-1956, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jenpmg:v:59:y:2016:i:11:p:1933-1956
    DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2015.1100983
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    1. Agras, Jean & Chapman, Duane, 1997. "Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve for Energy? An Econometric Analysis," Working Papers 127834, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
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    Cited by:

    1. Farooq, Umar & Dar, Arif Billah, 2022. "Is there a Kuznets curve for forest product footprint? – empirical evidence from India," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    2. Yeray Hernandez & Gustavo Naumann & Serafin Corral & Paulo Barbosa, 2020. "Water Footprint Expands with Gross Domestic Product," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-6, October.
    3. Wuliyasu Bai & Liang Yan & Jingbo Liang & Long Zhang, 2022. "Mapping Knowledge Domain on Economic Growth and Water Sustainability: A Scientometric Analysis," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(11), pages 4137-4159, September.
    4. Malayaranjan Sahoo & Narayan Sethi, 2022. "The dynamic impact of urbanization, structural transformation, and technological innovation on ecological footprint and PM2.5: evidence from newly industrialized countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 4244-4277, March.
    5. Abid, Mehdi, 2016. "Impact of economic, financial, and institutional factors on CO2 emissions: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa economies," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 85-94.
    6. Sinha, Avik & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Balsalobre, Daniel, 2018. "N-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Note on Validation and Falsification," MPRA Paper 99313, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 16 Mar 2020.
    7. Javier Sánchez García & Emilio Galdeano Gómez & Adrián Segura Ecseki, 2022. "Environmental challenges for EU productive sectors: an analysis through Kuznets curves," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(11), pages 1-25, November.

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