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Exclusion: the necessary difference between ideal and practical consensus

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  • Stephen Connelly
  • Tim Richardson

Abstract

Consensus building has become an everyday activity in environmental planning and management, and its use is often held to be a symbol of a fair, transparent and fully participative process. However, this paper argues that in any real situation practical constraints and tensions between different goals lead almost inevitably to compromises in the ideals of inclusivity and non-coercion. This gap between ideal and practical consensus is opened by a range of practices which exclude potential participants, interests, issues, actions and/or substantive outcomes. The paper contends that insufficient attention is paid by practitioners and researchers to these shifts, which are often confused or masked by a rhetoric of ideal consensus. It is concluded that practitioners need to reflect critically on these questions of exclusion, so that the necessary but difficult judgements involved in designing practical consensus building processes can be made transparently, and in ways which do not undermine the processes' legitimacy.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Connelly & Tim Richardson, 2004. "Exclusion: the necessary difference between ideal and practical consensus," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(1), pages 3-17.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:jenpmg:v:47:y:2004:i:1:p:3-17
    DOI: 10.1080/0964056042000189772
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Amanda P. Rehr & Mitchell J. Small & Paul S. Fischbeck & Patricia Bradley & William S. Fisher, 2014. "The role of scientific studies in building consensus in environmental decision making: a coral reef example," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 60-87, March.
    2. Tornberg, Patrik & Odhage, John, 2018. "Making transport planning more collaborative? The case of Strategic Choice of Measures in Swedish transport planning," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 416-429.
    3. Xue, Jin, 2014. "Is eco-village/urban village the future of a degrowth society? An urban planner's perspective," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 130-138.
    4. Freire-Gibb, Lucio Carlos & Koss, Rebecca & Margonski, Piotr & Papadopoulou, Nadia, 2014. "Governance strengths and weaknesses to implement the marine strategy framework directive in European waters," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 172-178.
    5. Sofia Eckersten & Berit Balfors & Ulrika Gunnarsson-Östling, 2021. "Challenges and Opportunities in Early Stage Planning of Transport Infrastructure Projects: Environmental Aspects in the Strategic Choice of Measures Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, January.
    6. Kristian Olesen, 2012. "Soft Spaces as Vehicles for Neoliberal Transformations of Strategic Spatial Planning?," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 30(5), pages 910-923, October.
    7. Hrelja, Robert, 2015. "Integrating transport and land-use planning? How steering cultures in local authorities affect implementation of integrated public transport and land-use planning," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1-13.
    8. Tayyebi, Amin & Arsanjani, Jamal J. & Tayyebi, Amir H. & Omrani, Hichem & Moghadam, Hossein S., 2016. "Group-based crop change planning: Application of SmartScape™ spatial decision support system for resolving conflicts," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 333(C), pages 92-100.
    9. Steve Connelly, 2011. "Constructing Legitimacy in the New Community Governance," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 48(5), pages 929-946, April.
    10. Richard Cowell & Susan Owens, 2006. "Governing Space: Planning Reform and the Politics of Sustainability," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 24(3), pages 403-421, June.
    11. Louise Krog & Karl Sperling & Henrik Lund, 2018. "Barriers and Recommendations to Innovative Ownership Models for Wind Power," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, September.

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