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Following in the Footsteps of Policy Entrepreneurs: Policy Advocates and Pro Forma Adopters

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  • Brian Wampler

Abstract

The third wave of democratisation has been accompanied by the spread of new institutions that allow citizens to directly participate in shaping policy outcomes. Leading international organisations, such as the World Bank and UN Habitat, have disseminated 'best practice' programmes identified with 'good government' policy reform efforts. One of the best known programmes, participatory budgeting (PB), was first adopted by an entrepreneurial government in 1989 as a means to promote social justice, accountability, and transparency. Yet, when these programmes are copied by policy advocates and pro forma adopters, the political pay-offs for government officials are smaller, which leads them to provide weaker support for the adopted policy. This article demonstrates that policy entrepreneurs are more likely to provide greater resources and support to innovative policies than their policy advocates and pro forma adopter counterparts due to the types of political payoffs available to them. The article concludes by considering when it might be most appropriate for international funding agencies and nongovernmental organisations to promote best practice policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Brian Wampler, 2009. "Following in the Footsteps of Policy Entrepreneurs: Policy Advocates and Pro Forma Adopters," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(4), pages 572-592.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevst:v:45:y:2009:i:4:p:572-592
    DOI: 10.1080/00220380802582346
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    Cited by:

    1. Mayka, Lindsay & Abbott, Jared, 2023. "Varieties of participatory institutions and interest intermediation," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    2. Gwen Arnold & Meghan Klasic & Changtong Wu & Madeline Schomburg & Abigail York, 2023. "Finding, distinguishing, and understanding overlooked policy entrepreneurs," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 56(4), pages 657-687, December.
    3. Caner Bakir & K. Aydin Gunduz, 2020. "The importance of policy entrepreneurs in developing countries: A systematic review and future research agenda," Public Administration & Development, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 40(1), pages 11-34, February.

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