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Interpretation of Kappa and B statistics measures of agreement

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  • Sergio Munoz
  • Shrikant Bangdiwala

Abstract

The Kappa statistic proposed by Cohen and the B statistic proposed by Bangdiwala are used to quantify the agreement between two observers, independently classifying the same n units into the same k categories. Both statistics correct for the agreement expected to result from chance alone, but the Kappa statistic is a measure that adjusts the observed proportion of agreement and ranges from- pc/(1- pc) to 1, where pc is the expected agreement that results from chance, and the B statistic is a measure that adjusts the observed area of agreement with that expected to result from chance, and ranges from 0 to 1. Statistical guidelines for the interpretation of either statistic are not available. For the Kappa statistic, the suggested arbitrary interpretation given by Landis and Koch is commonly quoted. This paper compares the behavior of the Kappa statistic and the B statistic in 3 3 and 4 4 contingency tables, under different agreement patterns. Based on simulation results, non-arbitrary guidelines for the interpretation of both statistics are provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Sergio Munoz & Shrikant Bangdiwala, 1997. "Interpretation of Kappa and B statistics measures of agreement," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(1), pages 105-112.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:japsta:v:24:y:1997:i:1:p:105-112
    DOI: 10.1080/02664769723918
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    Cited by:

    1. Stephanie K. Sprogis & Judy Currey & Julie Considine, 2019. "Patient acceptability of wearable vital sign monitoring technologies in the acute care setting: A systematic review," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(15-16), pages 2732-2744, August.
    2. Alexandra Raadt & Matthijs J. Warrens & Roel J. Bosker & Henk A. L. Kiers, 2021. "A Comparison of Reliability Coefficients for Ordinal Rating Scales," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 38(3), pages 519-543, October.
    3. Viswanathan Shankar & Shrikant Bangdiwala, 2008. "Behavior of agreement measures in the presence of zero cells and biased marginal distributions," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(4), pages 445-464.
    4. Matthijs J. Warrens & Alexandra Raadt, 2019. "Properties of Bangdiwala’s B," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 13(2), pages 481-493, June.

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