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Financial Liberalization, Multinational Banks and Credit Supply: The case of Poland

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  • Christian Weller

Abstract

Part of the Polish transformation process has been an opening of the domestic financial market to foreign entrants. While the number of multinational banks (MNBs) has risen from zero to 15 within six years, the ratio of bank credit to private and public enterprises relative to GDP decreased continuously after 1991. In this paper, I develop an argument as to why these two trends may be connected. Further, using monthly data provided by the weekly Polish publication Gazeta Bankowa, the National Bank of Poland, the Central Statistical Office, the BIS and the IMF, I test the hypothesis that more MNB entry may lead to a declining credit supply during the early stages of the transition process. Multivariate regression results indicate that more MNB entry results in a lower credit supply by Polish banks during the early transition phase. This result holds regardless of the measurement of international financial competition, and regardless of a bank's history, and it is only partially affected by a bank's location. More importantly, the overall impact of increased international financial competition on the credit supply of Polish banks is strong enough to lower the total credit supply in the Polish economy. Since an earlier study has found that Polish industries operate under hard budget constraints and are finance constrained during the early stages of the transition process, a reduction in the credit supply has adverse effects on business investments (Cornelli et al., 1996;Weller, 1999).

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  • Christian Weller, 2000. "Financial Liberalization, Multinational Banks and Credit Supply: The case of Poland," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(2), pages 193-211.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:irapec:v:14:y:2000:i:2:p:193-211
    DOI: 10.1080/02692170050024741
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    Cited by:

    1. van de Laar, M.M., 2004. "Financing Dutch direct investments to transition economies," Research Memorandum 029, Maastricht University, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization (METEOR).
    2. Mejra Festić, 2011. "The role of the foreign banks in the 5 EU member states," Journal of Business Economics and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 189-206, June.
    3. Christian E. Weller & Ghazal Zulfiqar, 2013. "Financial Market Diversity and Macroeconomic Stability," Working Papers wp332, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    4. Saovanee Chantapong, 2005. "Comparative Study of Domestic and Foreign Bank Performance in Thailand: The Regression Analysis," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 38(1), pages 63-83, March.
    5. Chantapong, Saovanee & Menkhoff, Lukas, 2005. "Cost Efficiency of Domestic and Foreign Banks in Thailand: Evidence from Panel Data," Proceedings of the German Development Economics Conference, Kiel 2005 9, Verein für Socialpolitik, Research Committee Development Economics.
    6. Weller, Christian E. & Scher, Mark J., 1999. "Multinational banks and development finance," ZEI Working Papers B 16-1999, University of Bonn, ZEI - Center for European Integration Studies.
    7. Chung‐Hua Shen & Chin‐Hwa Lu & Meng‐Wen Wu, 2009. "Impact of Foreign Bank Entry on the Performance of Chinese Banks," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 17(3), pages 102-121, May.
    8. Shijaku, Gerti, 2016. "Foreign currency lending in Albania," MPRA Paper 79087, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Dopico, Luis G. & Wilcox, James A., 2002. "Openness, profit opportunities and foreign banking," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 12(4-5), pages 299-320.
    10. Santonu Basu, 2006. "Structural Problems in Financing Development: Issues Relating to India," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(1), pages 85-101.
    11. Mejra Festić, 2015. "The Stability of the Credit Supply in the Globalized Banking Sector Environment: The Case of the EU New Member States-10," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2015(4), pages 386-398.
    12. Weller, Christian E. & von Hagen, Jürgen, 1999. "Financial fragility or what went right and what could go wrong in central European banking?," ZEI Working Papers B 13-1999, University of Bonn, ZEI - Center for European Integration Studies.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe
    • P23 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
    • P33 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid
    • P34 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Finance

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