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‘How Much Do You Spend Gambling?’: Ambiguities in Questionnaire Items Assessing Expenditure

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  • Alex Blaszczynski
  • Robert Ladouceur
  • Annie Goulet
  • Cathy Savard

Abstract

Expenditure is a dependent variable frequently used in gambling research to index involvement and intensity. However, as a previous study found, self-reported expenditure estimates are ambiguous and imprecise. This paper attempts to (a) replicate the original study, and (b) investigate if specific instructions on methods used to calculate expenditure lead to differences in reported estimates in response to the question, ‘How much money do you spend gambling?’ A total of 637 participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 with no instructions; Groups 2 and 3 with instructions on calculating net and turnover. Results revealed that when heuristics were not specified, half the sample used net expenditure and the remainder used turnover. When heuristics were clearly specified, 30% failed to comply with instructions in calculating estimates. Results undermine the validity of reported gambling expenditure data and support the need for clear instructions on methods used to calculate expenditure.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex Blaszczynski & Robert Ladouceur & Annie Goulet & Cathy Savard, 2006. "‘How Much Do You Spend Gambling?’: Ambiguities in Questionnaire Items Assessing Expenditure," International Gambling Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(2), pages 123-128.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:6:y:2006:i:2:p:123-128
    DOI: 10.1080/14459790600927738
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    Cited by:

    1. Douglas M. Walker, 2007. "Problems in Quantifying the Social Costs and Benefits of Gambling," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 66(3), pages 609-645, July.
    2. Rohan Miller & Grant Michelson, 2013. "Fixing the Game? Legitimacy, Morality Policy and Research in Gambling," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 116(3), pages 601-614, September.
    3. Fiedler, Ingo & Kairouz, Sylvia & Costes, Jean-Michel & Weißmüller, Kristina S., 2019. "Gambling spending and its concentration on problem gamblers," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 82-91.
    4. Gathoni Ndung’u Benson & Simon Munayi & Janet Wanjira & justus Inyega, 2021. "Investigating the effects of online sports betting on the perceived social wellbeing of student athletes," International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293), Bussecon International Academy, vol. 3(2), pages 62-72, April.

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