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Risk and protective factors in problem gambling: an examination of psychological resilience

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  • Sandeep Mishra
  • Shadi Beshai
  • Amanda Wuth
  • Nabhan Refaie

Abstract

Psychological resilience – successful adaptation when faced with adversity – is a product of the balance of risk and protective factors relevant to an outcome. This study examined if protective factors (perceived resilience; mindfulness; grit; self-efficacy) explained variance in problem gambling tendencies (assessed with the Problem Gambling Severity Index) beyond the HEXACO personality traits (honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience) and risk factors for problem gambling (gender; age; socio-economic status; high frequency gambling behaviour; harsh unpredictable childhood environments; sensation-seeking; impulsivity; self-control; stress). This study used a crowdsourced community sample (n = 469) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Bivariate analyses showed that risk factors and some HEXACO traits (especially honesty-humility) were associated with problem gambling issues. Among protective factors, only trait mindfulness showed a bivariate association with problem gambling issues. Somewhat surprisingly, regression analyses revealed that protective factors did not explain variance in problem gambling beyond HEXACO traits and risk factors. However, in exploratory analyses, mindfulness and self-efficacy – both modifiable protective factors – moderated the relationship between high-frequency gambling (a key proximate antecedent of problem gambling) and problem gambling tendencies. These results suggest mindfulness and self-efficacy may serve as ‘buffers’ against the development of problem gambling issues and may be promising targets for clinical interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandeep Mishra & Shadi Beshai & Amanda Wuth & Nabhan Refaie, 2019. "Risk and protective factors in problem gambling: an examination of psychological resilience," International Gambling Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 241-264, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:intgms:v:19:y:2019:i:2:p:241-264
    DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1545242
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    Cited by:

    1. Yolanda López-del-Hoyo & Alicia Monreal-Bartolomé & Pablo Aisa & Adrián Pérez-Aranda & Carlos Plana & José Antonio Poblador & Jaime Casterad & Javier García-Campayo & Jesus Montero-Marin, 2022. "The Gambling Habits of University Students in Aragon, Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-11, April.
    2. Shadi Beshai & Sandeep Mishra & Justin R. Feeney & Tansi Summerfield & Chet C. Hembroff & Gregory P. Krätzig, 2022. "Resilience in the Ranks: Trait Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Buffer the Deleterious Effects of Envy on Mental Health Symptoms among Public Safety Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-12, May.

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