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Work in the Shadow: Micro and Macro Results

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  • Friedrich Schneider

Abstract

The main focus of this paper is on the shadow economy labor force in OECD, developing and transition countries. As well as informal employment in the rural and non-rural sector, other measures of informal employment, such as the share of women and men, are also shown. The most influential factors on the shadow economy labor force are tax policies and state regulation, which, if they rise, increase shadow economy activities. Furthermore, the discussion of recent micro studies underlines that economic opportunities, the overall burden of the state (taxes and regulations), the general situation on the labor market, and unemployment are crucial for an understanding of the dynamics of the shadow labor force.

Suggested Citation

  • Friedrich Schneider, 2014. "Work in the Shadow: Micro and Macro Results," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(3), pages 365-379, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:intecj:v:28:y:2014:i:3:p:365-379
    DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2014.936924
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Susan Pozo (ed.), 1996. "Exploring the Underground Economy," Books from Upjohn Press, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, number eue.
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    Cited by:

    1. Owolabi, Adegboyega O. & Berdiev, Aziz N. & Saunoris, James W., 2022. "Is the shadow economy procyclical or countercyclical over the business cycle? International evidence," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 257-270.
    2. Chrisendo, Daniel & Siregar, Hermanto & Qaim, Matin, 2020. "Oil palm and structural transformation of agriculture in Indonesia," EFForTS Discussion Paper Series 33, University of Goettingen, Collaborative Research Centre 990 "EFForTS, Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (Sumatra, Indonesia)".
    3. Dagmara Nikulin & Ewa Lechman, 2021. "Shadow Economy in Poland," SpringerBriefs in Economics, Springer, number 978-3-030-70524-4, June.
    4. Dagmara Nikulin & Ewa Lechman, 2021. "Shadow Economy in Poland: Results of the Survey," SpringerBriefs in Economics, in: Shadow Economy in Poland, chapter 0, pages 49-65, Springer.
    5. Daniel Chrisendo & Hermanto Siregar & Matin Qaim, 2021. "Oil palm and structural transformation of agriculture in Indonesia," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 52(5), pages 849-862, September.

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