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Pandemic Pass? Treaty Derogations and Human Rights Practices During COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Suparna Chaudhry
  • Audrey L. Comstock
  • Andrew Heiss

Abstract

This research note asks whether states issuing pandemic-era human rights treaty derogations implemented emergency provisions as intended or used them to abuse human rights during a time of crisis. In an effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries declared states of emergency and derogated (temporarily suspended) from their international human rights treaty obligations. Using data from the Varieties of Democracy PanDem dataset and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, we find that states that derogated from their international human rights obligations imposed emergency measures that were temporary and did not violate non-derogable rights. On the other hand, states that did not derogate were more likely impose discriminatory measures, enact emergency measures without time limits and violate non-derogable rights. Our results support the role that flexibility mechanisms such as derogations play in international law and show that states are being sincere about their intentions and not, generally, using these mechanisms to cover abusive behavior.Cette note de recherche s’interroge : les États ayant émis des dérogations aux traités sur les droits de l’homme pendant la pandémie ont-ils instauré des mesures d’urgence comme prévu ou les ont-ils plutôt utilisées pour violer les droits de l’homme en cette période de crise ? Afin de lutter contre la pandémie de Covid-19, de nombreux pays ont déclaré un état d’urgence et ont dérogé à, ou suspendu temporairement, leurs obligations en vertu des traités internationaux relatifs aux droits de l’homme. À l’aide de données issues de l’ensemble de données Varieties of Democracy PanDem et de l’Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, nous remarquons que les États qui ont dérogé à leurs obligations internationales en matière de droits de l’homme ont imposé des mesures d’urgence temporaires et n’ont pas violé de droits non dérogeables. D’autre part, les États qui n’y ont pas dérogé avaient plus de chances d’imposer des mesures discriminatoires, de décréter des mesures d’urgence non limitées dans le temps et de violer les droits non dérogeables. Nos résultats viennent appuyer le rôle joué par les mécanismes de flexibilité comme les dérogations dans le droit international. Ils montrent aussi que les États font preuve de sincérité quant à leurs intentions et qu’ils n’emploient généralement pas ces mécanismes pour couvrir des comportements abusifs.

Suggested Citation

  • Suparna Chaudhry & Audrey L. Comstock & Andrew Heiss, 2024. "Pandemic Pass? Treaty Derogations and Human Rights Practices During COVID-19," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(6), pages 1064-1086, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:50:y:2024:i:6:p:1064-1086
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2024.2413965
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