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How women promote peace: Gender composition, duration, and frames in conflict resolution

Author

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  • Vivian P. Ta-Johnson
  • Eric Keels
  • A. Burcu Bayram

Abstract

Research shows that the inclusion of women in negotiations and conflict resolution efforts contributes to peaceful solutions to disputes and armed conflict. Yet we know little about how women contribute to peacebuilding. What, specifically, are women doing to help produce more peaceful outcomes? We present evidence from an international bargaining experiment showing that women contribute to peace by seeking more equitable and symmetrical solutions, even if these provide lower material payoffs. Critically, however, women are willing to give up on asymmetric advantage only when they negotiate with other women. The gender composition of negotiation dyads also significantly influences the duration of negotiations. Statistical analysis of historical territorial disputes probes the external validity of these results, offering suggestive complementary evidence. The main policy implication of our findings is that bilateral disputes will be settled more efficiently and equitably when both sides are represented by women. Our findings should encourage scholars to develop dyadic, not monadic, models of how gender affects international negotiations.La investigación demuestra que la inclusión de las mujeres en las negociaciones y en los esfuerzos de resolución de conflictos contribuye a conseguir soluciones pacíficas a las disputas y los conflictos armados. Sin embargo, sabemos poco sobre cómo contribuyen las mujeres a la construcción de la paz. ¿Qué hacen en concreto las mujeres para ayudar a conseguir resultados más pacíficos? Presentamos pruebas de un experimento de negociación internacional que demuestran que las mujeres contribuyen a la paz al buscar soluciones más equitativas y simétricas, aunque estas proporcionen menores beneficios materiales. No obstante, las mujeres están dispuestas a renunciar a la ventaja asimétrica solo cuando negocian con otras mujeres. La composición de género de las díadas de negociación también influye de modo considerable en la duración de las negociaciones. El análisis estadístico de las disputas territoriales históricas examina la validez externa de estos resultados, ofreciendo pruebas complementarias sugerentes. La principal implicación política de nuestras conclusiones es que las disputas bilaterales se resolverán de forma más eficaz y equitativa cuando ambas partes estén representadas por mujeres. Nuestras conclusiones deberían animar a los investigadores a desarrollar modelos diádicos, no monádicos, sobre cómo el género afecta a las negociaciones internacionales.La recherche a démontré que l’inclusion de femmes dans les processus de négociations et les initiatives de résolution des conflits contribue à déboucher sur des solutions pacifiques aux désaccords et aux conflits armés. Pourtant, nous disposons de peu d’informations sur la manière dont les femmes participent au maintien de la paix. Que font précisément les femmes pour produire des résultats davantage orientés vers une résolution pacifique? Nous nous appuyons sur une expérience de négociations internationales démontrant que les femmes contribuent à la paix par la recherche de solutions plus équitables et symétriques, y compris lorsque ces dernières impliquent des gains matériels moindres. Il convient cependant de noter que les femmes sont enclines à abandonner un avantage asymétrique uniquement lorsqu’elles négocient avec d’autres femmes. Par ailleurs, la composition des dyades de négociation en termes de genres a une influence considérable sur la durée des négociations en question. Une analyse statistique de conflits territoriaux historiques démontre la validité externe de ces résultats et constitue une preuve supplémentaire significative. La principale implication politique de nos conclusions est que les conflits bilatéraux sont résolus de manière plus efficace et plus équitable lorsque les deux parties sont représentées par des femmes. Nos travaux ont donc vocation à encourager les chercheur·euses à développer des modèles dyadiques, et non monadiques, pour comprendre la manière dont le genre affecte les négociations internationales.

Suggested Citation

  • Vivian P. Ta-Johnson & Eric Keels & A. Burcu Bayram, 2022. "How women promote peace: Gender composition, duration, and frames in conflict resolution," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(6), pages 1089-1120, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:48:y:2022:i:6:p:1089-1120
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2022.2106480
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