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Why do states contribute to the global refugee governance? Fiscal burden-sharing in the post-2011 Syrian refugee crisis

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  • Hirotaka Fujibayashi

Abstract

Why are some states motivated to contribute financially to international efforts to protect refugees and assist host countries? Despite general agreement on the need for burden-sharing in global refugee governance, research up to now has not explained the underlying motivations behind the provision of financial assistance tied to the international protection of refugees. In addressing this gap, this article offers two competing perspectives of the potential impact of refugee migration on the decisions by individual states concerning whether and how much they contribute to a given refugee crisis. The article further hypothesizes that the connection between refugee migration and states’ financial contribution depends on the geographic context. The proposed hypotheses are tested using the cross-country panel data on humanitarian assistance to the post-2011 Syrian refugee crisis, and the test confirms that states receiving a more significant number of refugees have a greater incentive to offer a financial contribution. However, this explanation only holds for contributing states remote from Syria. Conversely, states in the geographical proximity of Syria likely have fewer interests to take on a financial burden to support Syrian refugees staying outside of their territories. These findings provide several important insights into the broader policy of refugee governance and into academic debates on the sharing of financial burdens to protect refugees.¿Por qué algunos estados tienen la motivación de aportar dinero a los esfuerzos internacionales para proteger a los refugiados y ayudar a los países anfitriones? A pesar del acuerdo general sobre la necesidad de compartir la carga en la gestión global de los refugiados, la investigación realizada hasta ahora no ha explicado las motivaciones subyacentes a la provisión de ayuda financiera relacionada con la protección internacional de los refugiados. A fin de abordar esta brecha, en el presente artículo, se ofrecen dos perspectivas contrapuestas sobre el impacto potencial de la migración de los refugiados en las decisiones de los estados individuales respecto a si contribuyen o no, y en qué medida, a una determinada crisis de refugiados. En el artículo, también se plantea la hipótesis de que la conexión entre la migración de refugiados y la contribución financiera de los estados depende del contexto geográfico. Las hipótesis propuestas se ponen a prueba utilizando los datos del panel de países sobre la asistencia humanitaria a la crisis de refugiados sirios después de 2011, y la prueba confirma que los estados que reciben una cantidad más considerable de refugiados tienen un mayor incentivo para ofrecer una contribución financiera. Sin embargo, esta explicación solo es válida para los estados contribuyentes alejados de Siria. Por el contrario, los estados situados en la proximidad geográfica de Siria probablemente estén menos interesados en asumir una carga financiera para ayudar a los refugiados sirios que se encuentran fuera de sus territorios. Estos resultados ofrecen varias ideas importantes sobre la política general de gobernanza de los refugiados y los debates académicos sobre la distribución de las cargas financieras para proteger a los refugiados.Pourquoi certains États sont-ils motivés à contribuer financièrement aux efforts internationaux visant à protéger les réfugiés et à aider les pays d’accueil? Malgré l’accord général sur la nécessité d’un partage des charges dans la gouvernance mondiale des réfugiés, les recherches menées jusqu’à présent n’ont pas permis d’expliquer les motivations sous-jacentes à l’apport d’une aide financière liée à la protection internationale des réfugiés. Pour combler cette lacune, cet article propose deux perspectives concurrentes sur l’impact potentiel de la migration des réfugiés sur les décisions des États individuels quant à leur contribution à la gestion d’une crise des réfugiés donnée et à l’ampleur de celle-ci. Il émet en outre l’hypothèse que la relation entre migration des réfugiés et contribution financière des États dépendrait du contexte géographique. Les hypothèses proposées sont mises à l’épreuve à l’aide de données de panel transnationales sur l’aide humanitaire apportée à la crise des réfugiés syriens après 2011 et cette analyse confirme que les États qui accueillent un nombre plus important de réfugiés sont davantage motivés à offrir une contribution financière. Cependant, cette explication ne tient que pour les États contributeurs éloignés de la Syrie. À l’inverse, les États géographiquement proches de la Syrie sont moins susceptibles d’avoir des intérêts à assumer une charge financière pour soutenir les réfugiés syriens séjournant en dehors de leur territoire. Ces conclusions apportent plusieurs renseignements importants pour la politique plus large de la gouvernance des réfugiés et les débats intellectuels concernant le partage des charges financières de protection des réfugiés.

Suggested Citation

  • Hirotaka Fujibayashi, 2022. "Why do states contribute to the global refugee governance? Fiscal burden-sharing in the post-2011 Syrian refugee crisis," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(3), pages 345-373, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:48:y:2022:i:3:p:345-373
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2022.2040496
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