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Disaggregating Peace: Domestic Politics and Dispute Outcomes

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  • Patricia Lynne Sullivan
  • Scott Sigmund Gartner

Abstract

Drawing on arguments about the domestic political costs of using force and the ability of states to signal resolve, we develop a selection effects-based model of militarized interstate dispute outcomes. By disaggregating dispute outcomes to capture important theoretical distinctions among different types of “peaceful” resolutions to militarized disputes, we are able to generate new hypotheses about the effects of regime type on conflict escalation. Employing a multinomial logit analysis on disputes since 1816, we find that democracy has both monadic and dyadic effects on dispute escalation and that the effect of regime type varies with a state's role in a dispute. Disputes with democratic initiators are less likely to escalate to violence because democratic initiators are more likely than nondemocratic initiators to obtain target concessions without employing force. Democratic targets, on the other hand, select themselves out of disputes by making concessions at a higher rate than nondemocracies, unless the dispute initiator demands a change in the target's governance or the territorial status quo. Both patterns provide evidence that democracies are more selective about the disputes they escalate to violence, rather than more pacific overall. We thank James Fowler, Robert Powell, Dan Reiter, Randolph Siverson, and Alastair Smith for valuable feedback as this project progressed. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricia Lynne Sullivan & Scott Sigmund Gartner, 2006. "Disaggregating Peace: Domestic Politics and Dispute Outcomes," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(1), pages 1-25, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:32:y:2006:i:1:p:1-25
    DOI: 10.1080/03050620600574840
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    Cited by:

    1. Philip Arena, 2008. "Success Breeds Success? War Outcomes, Domestic Opposition, and Elections," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 25(2), pages 136-151, April.
    2. Patricia L. Sullivan, 2008. "Sustaining the Fight: A Cross-Sectional Time-Series Analysis of Public Support for Ongoing Military Interventions," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 25(2), pages 112-135, April.
    3. Patricia L. Sullivan, 2007. "War Aims and War Outcomes," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 51(3), pages 496-524, June.

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