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Estimating between‐ and within‐cluster covariate effects, with an application to models of international disputes

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  • Christopher Zorn

Abstract

Students of international politics often use data in which the covariates vary both within and across units of observation. This is particularly true for dyadic data, which has come to dominate quantitative studies of international conflict, but is also a concern in any work involving a time‐series cross‐sectional component. Standard regression methods treat both types of covariates as equivalent with respect to their influence on the dependent variable, ignoring possible differences between cross‐dyad and within‐dyad effects. Here, I discuss the potential pitfalls of this approach, and show how between‐ and within‐dyad effects can be separated and estimated. I then illustrate the approach in the context of a logistic regression, using data on international disputes.

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  • Christopher Zorn, 2001. "Estimating between‐ and within‐cluster covariate effects, with an application to models of international disputes," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(4), pages 433-445, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:27:y:2001:i:4:p:433-445
    DOI: 10.1080/03050620108434993
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    Cited by:

    1. Jessica M. Mc Lay & Roy Lay-Yee & Barry J. Milne & Peter Davis, 2015. "Regression-Style Models for Parameter Estimation in Dynamic Microsimulation: An Empirical Performance Assessment," International Journal of Microsimulation, International Microsimulation Association, vol. 8(2), pages 83-127.
    2. James Lee Ray, 2003. "Explaining Interstate Conflict and War: What Should Be Controlled for?," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 20(2), pages 1-31, September.
    3. Karsten Lieser & Alexander Groh, 2014. "The Determinants of International Commercial Real Estate Investment," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 611-659, May.
    4. Benjamin Smith, 2017. "Resource wealth as rent leverage: Rethinking the oil–stability nexus," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 34(6), pages 597-617, November.
    5. John R. Oneal & Bruce Russett, 2005. "Rule of Three, Let It Be? When More Really Is Better," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 22(4), pages 293-310, September.
    6. Lieser, Karsten & Groh, Alexander P., 2011. "The determinants of international commercial real estate investments," IESE Research Papers D/935, IESE Business School.
    7. Economou, Athina & Gavroglou, Stavros & Kollias, Christos, 2013. "Economic fluctuations and political self-placement," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 57-65.
    8. Megan Shannon, 2009. "Preventing War and Providing the Peace?," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 26(2), pages 144-163, April.
    9. Juan A. Bogliaccini & Patrick J. W. Egan, 2017. "Foreign direct investment and inequality in developing countries: Does sector matter?," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 209-236, November.

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