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A dynamic model of Nordic diagonal stride skiing, with a literature review of cross country skiing

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  • John F. Moxnes
  • Kjell Hausken

Abstract

The forces during the kicking phase in Nordic diagonal stride skiing are described by differential equations and the results are compared with experiments. The difference between static and dynamic friction, interacting with characteristics of the skier such as weight, velocity and the kicking force's angle with the terrain, are essential for high-velocity diagonal striding. Analytical results for relationships between glide length, friction and kicking force are shown. Aerodynamic drag and gravity are accounted for. A propulsion force based on the Hill (1970) equation for muscle contraction velocity and activation is constructed. The model shows a feasible tool for studying the effects of ski stiffness, the kicking force and the amount of waxing during diagonal stride skiing.

Suggested Citation

  • John F. Moxnes & Kjell Hausken, 2009. "A dynamic model of Nordic diagonal stride skiing, with a literature review of cross country skiing," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(5), pages 531-551.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:gcmbxx:v:12:y:2009:i:5:p:531-551
    DOI: 10.1080/10255840902788561
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    Cited by:

    1. Kjell Hausken, 2017. "Exhaustive Classification and Review of Techniques and Research Program for Techniques for Skate Skiing, Classical Skiing, and Ski Mountaineering," The Open Sports Sciences Journal, Bentham Open, vol. 10(1), pages 160-178, October.
    2. Peter Carlsson & Mats Tinnsten & Mats Ainegren, 2011. "Numerical simulation of cross-country skiing," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(08), pages 741-746.

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