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From Westphalian Failure to Heterarchic Governance in MENA: The Case of Syria

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  • Raymond Hinnebusch

Abstract

The problematic export of the Westphalian system to MENA is examined, taking Syria as exemplar. The export model is juxtaposed to actual non-lineal trajectories, semi-sovereignty and hybrid or failing states. This is manifested in post-uprising Syria in failing statehood, fragmented and overlapping governance, permeable and collapsing borders, the loss of sovereignty to trans-state movements, “competitive regime-building” between the Asad regime and jihadist warlords, and “competitive interventionism” by external powers filling the governance vacuum with their own proxies. The result is heterarchic zones of limited statehood in which state sovereignty is contested by both international (supra-state) penetration and sub-state fragmentation.

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  • Raymond Hinnebusch, 2018. "From Westphalian Failure to Heterarchic Governance in MENA: The Case of Syria," Small Wars and Insurgencies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 391-413, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:fswixx:v:29:y:2018:i:3:p:391-413
    DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2018.1455330
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    Cited by:

    1. Jonah Schulhofer-Wohl, 2020. "On-Side fighting in civil war: The logic of mortal alignment in Syria," Rationality and Society, , vol. 32(4), pages 402-460, November.

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