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Do ESG strategies enhance bank stability during financial turmoil? Evidence from Europe

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  • Laura Chiaramonte
  • Alberto Dreassi
  • Claudia Girardone
  • Stefano Piserà

Abstract

This paper investigates the joint and separate effects of Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G) scores on bank stability. Using a sample of European banks operating in 21 countries over 2005–2017, we find that the total ESG score, as well as its sub-pillars, reduces bank fragility during periods of financial distress. This stabilizing effect holds strongly for banks with higher ESG ratings. These results are confirmed by a differences-in-differences (DID) analysis built around the introduction of the EU 2014 Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD). Our evidence also reveals that, in times of financial turmoil, the longer the duration of ESG disclosures, the greater the benefits on stability. Finally, we show that the ESG–bank stability linkages vary significantly across banks’ characteristics and operating environments. Our findings are robust to selection bias and endogeneity concerns. Overall, they support the regulatory effort in requiring an enhanced disclosure of non–financial information.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Chiaramonte & Alberto Dreassi & Claudia Girardone & Stefano Piserà, 2022. "Do ESG strategies enhance bank stability during financial turmoil? Evidence from Europe," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(12), pages 1173-1211, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjfi:v:28:y:2022:i:12:p:1173-1211
    DOI: 10.1080/1351847X.2021.1964556
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    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Suyi & Jin, Justin & Nainar, Khalid, 2023. "Does ESG performance reduce banks’ nonperforming loans?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PA).
    2. Massimo Arnone & Lucio Laureti & Alberto Costantiello & Fabio Anobile & Angelo Leogrande, 2024. "Banking Stability in the Context of the ESG Model at World Level," Working Papers hal-04666541, HAL.
    3. Xinhua Yang & Haimei Gan & Shuai Luo & Jingjing Lv, 2024. "A Study on the Impact of Enterprise Digital Evolution on Outward Foreign Investments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-23, May.
    4. Seyed Alireza Athari & Chafic Saliba & Elsa Abboud & Nourhan El-Bayaa, 2024. "Examining the Quadratic Impact of Sovereign Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices on Firms’ Profitability: New Insights from the Financial Industry in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-26, March.
    5. Piotr M. Bolibok, 2024. "Does Firm Size Matter for ESG Risk? Cross-Sectional Evidence from the Banking Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-26, January.
    6. Anwer, Zaheer & Goodell, John W. & Migliavacca, Milena & Paltrinieri, Andrea, 2023. "Does ESG impact systemic risk? Evidencing an inverted U-shape relationship for major energy firms," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 10-25.
    7. Danisman, Gamze Ozturk & Tarazi, Amine, 2024. "ESG activity and bank lending during financial crises," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    8. Agnese, Paolo & Cerciello, Massimiliano & Oriani, Raffaele & Taddeo, Simone, 2024. "ESG controversies and profitability in the European banking sector," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    9. Zou, Fei & Huang, Lingyu & Ghaemi Asl, Mahdi & Delnavaz, Mohammad & Tiwari, Sunil, 2023. "Natural resources and green economic recovery in responsible investments: Role of ESG in context of Islamic sustainable investments," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    10. Chiaramonte, Laura & Dreassi, Alberto & Goodell, John W. & Paltrinieri, Andrea & Piserà, Stefano, 2024. "Banks’ environmental policies and banks’ financial stability," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    11. Ali, Mohsin & Azmi, Wajahat & Kowsalya, V. & Rizvi, Syed Aun R., 2023. "Interlinkages between stability, carbon emissions and the ESG disclosures: Global evidence from banking industry," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    12. Arnone, Massimo & Leogrande, Angelo, 2024. "The Sustainability of the Factoring Chain in Europe in the Light of the Integration of ESG Factors," MPRA Paper 121342, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Arnone, Massimo & Laureti, Lucio & Costantiello, Alberto & Anobile, Fabio & Leogrande, Angelo, 2024. "Banking Stability in the Context of the ESG Model at World Level," OSF Preprints j36yc, Center for Open Science.
    14. Bruno, Elena & Iacoviello, Giuseppina & Giannetti, Caterina, 2024. "Bank credit loss and ESG performance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    15. Yu Zhang & Chiping Chen & Xizheng Zhang, 2024. "The Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance on the Total Factor Productivity of Textile Firms: A Meditating-Moderating Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-19, August.
    16. Volker Brühl, 2023. "The Green Asset Ratio (GAR): a new key performance indicator for credit institutions," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 13(1), pages 57-83, March.
    17. Mohamad Azwan Md Isa & Norashikin Ismail & Mohd Halim Kadri, 2024. "Sustainability Performance and Corporate Financial Stability of Shariah-Compliant Companies in Malaysia: The Moderating Effects of Ownership Concentration," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(14), pages 28-46, October.
    18. Zbigniew Korzeb & Paweł Niedziółka & Danuta Szpilko & Filippo Pietro, 2024. "ESG and climate-related risks versus traditional risks in commercial banking: A bibliometric and thematic review," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-22, December.
    19. Douglas A. Adu & Naheed N. Roni, 2024. "Bank climate change initiatives, ownership structures, and corporate governance mechanisms: Evidence from emerging economies," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(4), pages 3039-3077, May.
    20. Gupta, Juhi & Kashiramka, Smita, 2024. "Examining the impact of liquidity creation on bank stability in the Asia Pacific region: Do ESG disclosures play a moderating role?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    21. Jasman Tuyon & Okey Peter Onyia & Aidi Ahmi & Chia-Hsing Huang, 2023. "Sustainable financial services: reflection and future perspectives," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 28(4), pages 664-690, December.
    22. Caterina Lucarelli & Sabrina Severini, 2024. "Anatomy of the chimera: Environmental, Social, and Governance ratings beyond the myth," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(5), pages 4198-4217, July.
    23. Palmieri, Egidio & Ferilli, Greta Benedetta & Altunbas, Yener & Stefanelli, Valeria & Geretto, Enrico Fioravante, 2024. "Business model and ESG pillars: The impacts on banking default risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    24. Birindelli, Giuliana & Dell’Atti, Stefano & Di Tommaso, Caterina & Iannuzzi, Antonia Patrizia & Pacelli, Vincenzo, 2024. "The impact of banks’ climate engagement on systemic risk. Does committing a little or a lot make a difference?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(PB).
    25. Quang Trinh, Vu & Duong Cao, Ngan & Li, Teng & Elnahass, Marwa, 2023. "Social capital, trust, and bank tail risk: The value of ESG rating and the effects of crisis shocks," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).

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