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The value of board diversity in banking: evidence from the market for corporate control

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  • Jens Hagendorff
  • Kevin Keasey

Abstract

We examine the value of board diversity in the US banking industry as a mechanism to enhance the decision-making capabilities of a board. We employ a sample of mergers to assess if measures of diversity as displayed by the bidding bank's board are linked to the market performance of acquisitions. We find positive announcement returns to mergers approved by boards whose members are diverse in terms of their occupational background. By contrast, age and tenure diversity are associated with wealth losses surrounding acquisition announcements, while gender diversity does not lead to measurable value effects. Interestingly, boards with more banking expertise are not more effective at monitoring bank managers. Our results do not support calls for more representation of industry-specific expertise on bank boards and, instead, show that occupational diversity may play an important role in protecting shareholder wealth.

Suggested Citation

  • Jens Hagendorff & Kevin Keasey, 2012. "The value of board diversity in banking: evidence from the market for corporate control," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(1), pages 41-58, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjfi:v:18:y:2012:i:1:p:41-58
    DOI: 10.1080/1351847X.2010.481471
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Sungyeon Kim & Hong Kee Sul, 2021. "Diversity Matters: A Study on the Relationship between Board Career Diversity and Firm Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-24, August.
    2. Elliroma Gardiner, 2024. "What’s age got to do with it? The effect of board member age diversity: a systematic review," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 74(1), pages 65-92, February.
    3. Farag, Hisham & Mallin, Chris, 2017. "Board diversity and financial fragility: Evidence from European banks," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 98-112.
    4. Saleh F. A. Khatib & Dewi Fariha Abdullah & Ahmed A. Elamer & Raed Abueid, 2021. "Nudging toward diversity in the boardroom: A systematic literature review of board diversity of financial institutions," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 985-1002, February.
    5. Paola Leone & Carmen Gallucci & Rosalia Santulli, 2021. "How Does Corporate Governance Affect Bank Performance? The Mediating Role of Risk Governance," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 13(10), pages 212-212, July.
    6. Tampakoudis, Ioannis & Nerantzidis, Michail & Eweje, Gabriel & Leventis, Stergios, 2022. "The impact of gender diversity on shareholder wealth: Evidence from European bank M&A," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    7. Daniel Makina, 2021. "Corporate Governance and Financial Inclusion: A Preliminary Review of Literature," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(4), pages 12-23, October.
    8. Yongqiang Gao & Miaohan Zhang & Haibin Yang, 2023. "Looking Good in the Eyes of Stakeholders: Corporate Giving and Corporate Acquisitions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 185(2), pages 375-396, June.
    9. Bayly, Nicholas & Breunig, Robert & Wokker, Chris, 2023. "Female Board Representation and Corporate Performance: A Review and New Estimates for Australia," IZA Discussion Papers 16617, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Renata Karkowska & Jan Acedański, 2020. "The effect of corporate board attributes on bank stability," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 19(2), pages 99-137, May.
    11. Bowo Setiyono & Amine Tarazi, 2018. "Does Diversity of Bank Board Members Affect Performance and Risk? Evidence from an Emerging Market," CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, in: Belén Díaz Díaz & Samuel O. Idowu & Philip Molyneux (ed.), Corporate Governance in Banking and Investor Protection, chapter 0, pages 185-218, Springer.
    12. Ding, Shusheng & Du, Min & Cui, Tianxiang & Zhang, Yongmin & Duygun, Meryem, 2024. "Impact of board diversity on Chinese firms’ cross-border M&A performance: An artificial intelligence approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 1321-1335.
    13. Etienne Redor, 2016. "Board attributes and shareholder wealth in mergers and acquisitions: a survey of the literature," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 20(4), pages 789-821, December.
    14. Rajat Deb, 2021. "YES Bank fiasco: a corporate governance failure," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 48(2), pages 181-190, June.
    15. Nguyen, Thi Hong Hanh & Ntim, Collins G. & Malagila, John K., 2020. "Women on corporate boards and corporate financial and non-financial performance: A systematic literature review and future research agenda," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    16. Ruth Mateos de Cabo & Ricardo Gimeno & María Nieto, 2012. "Gender Diversity on European Banks’ Boards of Directors," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 109(2), pages 145-162, August.
    17. Renz, Franziska M. & Vogel, Julian U.N. & Xie, Feixue, 2023. "Do as they say or do as they do? — Uncovering the effects of inappropriate methods and unreliable data in boardroom diversity research," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 410-420.
    18. Talavera, Oleksandr & Yin, Shuxing & Zhang, Mao, 2018. "Age diversity, directors' personal values, and bank performance," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 60-79.
    19. Vanwalleghem, Dieter & Yildirim, Canan & Mukanya, Anthony, 2020. "Leveraging local knowledge or global advantage: Cross border bank mergers and acquisitions in Africa," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).

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